Green tea catechins are bioactive polyphenolic compounds that possess a number of biological activities and potential health benefits. This review will focus on discussing the effects of green tea catechins, with a particular emphasis on clinical studies that evaluate their anticancer potential. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), either as a stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with conventional anticancer therapies, represents a promising alternative strategy for the management of leukaemia. This review was based on a search of the scientific sources indexed in the databases PubMed and Scopus using the following keywords: ‘Camellia sinensis’, ‘tea catechins’, ‘anticancer’, ‘antioxidant’, ‘hematological cancer’, and ‘leukaemia’ in combination. A deeper comprehension of the multifaceted mechanisms and findings of research could facilitate the development of novel strategies and the integration of green tea catechins into clinical practice, thus enhancing treatment outcomes for patients with leukaemia.

Purpose: Glomerulopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by complex immunopathogenesis and wide clinical variability. A wide range of laboratory and histopathological tests is used to assess glomerular diseases. However, the volume of data is often too great to analyze and to provide a clear diagnosis. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning, facilitates the integration of histopathological, clinical, and molecular data. This foundation enables the creation of more precise and objective diagnostic models. Method: Modular expert systems based on ML algorithms (XGBoost, Random Forest, and natural language processing were implemented. A retrospective comparative analysis was performed comparing physician decisions with algorithmic recommendations in a patient cohort from the Opole University Clinical Hospital and the Wroclaw Medical University Hospital (2018–2025), comprising idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMN, n = 56), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n = 127), lupus nephritis (LN, n = 31), and minimal change disease (MCD, n = 187). Results: The iMN module achieved 100% accuracy in risk categorization. Retrospective analysis revealed significant gaps in clinical practice: 13.4% of decisions were suboptimal in the FSGS group, 25.8% of diagnoses were irregular in the LN cohort, and 10.8% of diagnoses were irregular in the MCD group. Conclusion: The integration of AI into clinical practice is a key element in the evolution of “precision nephrology,” supporting the detection of subtle disease patterns and the standardization of management.

Erythropoiesis-targeted doping remains a major challenge for sports medicine because pharmacological and genetic manipulation of erythropoiesis can improve oxygen transport and endurance performance while increasing the risk of serious cardiovascular complications. Erythropoiesis-targeting strategies extend beyond recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) to include hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), modified erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) agonists, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling inhibitors, cytoprotective EPO derivatives, and gene- or cell-based approaches, and require complementary detection strategies based on direct analytical methods and the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). Although they may enhance oxygen delivery and endurance performance, excessive stimulation of erythropoiesis may increase blood viscosity, impair vascular function, and elevate the risk of hypertension, thromboembolic complications, and other cardiovascular (CV) events. Erythropoiesis-targeted doping has evolved beyond recombinant EPO into a diverse group of pharmacological and genetic strategies that require increasingly sophisticated detection approaches. A thorough understanding of their molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular consequences is essential for improving anti-doping surveillance and protecting athlete health. This review summarizes current erythropoiesis-targeting agents, their mechanisms of action, detection strategies, cardiovascular risks, and implications for anti-doping practice.