Objectives: This umbrella review synthesized and critically evaluated evidence from systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) and Computerized Training (CT) for individuals with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), with a focus on cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ACM Digital Library, and EBSCOhost. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251117930). Included reviews were appraised using AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS, while the methodological limitations of primary studies were synthesized from the limitations reported by the included reviews. Narrative synthesis, overlap analysis using the Corrected Covered Area (CCA), and GRADE assessments were performed. Results: Sixteen systematic reviews published between 2017 and 2025, encompassing 324 unique primary studies, met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was generally poor: twelve reviews were rated as having “Critically Low” confidence using AMSTAR-2, while nine were judged to be at ‘High Risk of Bias’ using ROBIS; methodological shortcomings included inadequate or absent assessment of risk of bias in the included primary studies in several reviews. Overlap analysis (CCA = 0.53%) identified two distinct evidence structures. The RAT literature demonstrated a concentrated citation pattern, with recurrent evidence for selected psychosocial outcomes. In contrast, the CT literature was highly fragmented, with divergent findings regarding specific cognitive domains including processing speed and memory recall, largely attributable to non-overlapping evidence bases rather than true scientific disagreement. Consequently, the umbrella-level certainty of evidence was rated as ‘Very Low’ for both RAT and CT across the broad psychosocial and cognitive outcome domains, reflecting serious concerns regarding risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision. Conclusions: RAT showed potential benefits for selected psychosocial outcomes, particularly depression, anxiety, positive emotion, and social interaction. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish the clinical effectiveness of either RAT or CT across broader cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes. Future research should prioritize large-scale, pre-registered, methodologically rigorous trials with standardized core outcome measures to generate reliable evidence for clinical decision-making and dementia care.

Malnutrition in old age is a serious worldwide health concern, with complicated relationships between socioeconomic, health, and physiological factors. This research examines the influence of socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors on the nutritional status of older people in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of factors like age, gender, education, income, marital status, financial independence, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease on the risk of malnutrition among older people. A cross-sectional survey was performed with 622 participants at three of the biggest hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A validated self-reported questionnaire was utilized to obtain the data. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the explanatory factors and nutritional status, and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used to evaluate nutritional status. The research indicated that older age (70 and older), female sex, illiteracy, lower income, financial dependence, and chronic disease conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease were all strongly linked with a higher risk of malnutrition. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that those aged 70 and older were 7.25 times more likely to be malnourished than those in the 60-69-year-old age group. In the same way, participants with diabetes and with kidney disease had much increased chances of malnourishment. Malnutrition among older people is closely related to sociodemographic and comorbid factors. This paper emphasizes the imperatives of evidence-based interventions to enhance the nutritional status of at-risk subject populations, that is, older people with chronic conditions and lower socioeconomic status. Broader education, healthcare services, and social support are critical to reduce malnutrition risk in this group.