Quality of life (QoL) focuses on a person’s ability to live a fulfilling life. It helps in determining successful aging in the elderly population. Because of a scarcity of information regarding predictors of QoL in the elderly population in developing countries, this study was undertaken to assess the overall QoL and its predictors in the elderly population in an urban setting of Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, 275 participants were enrolled by systematic sampling at the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected by using a pretested semi-structured standard questionnaire for QoL (OPQOL-35). Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the association between QoL and sociodemographic factors. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to identify predictors of QoL, after controlling for potential confounders. The median age of the participants (n = 275) was 65 years (range, 60 to 85; 25th and 75th percentile, 60 and 68, respectively). The majority (78%) of them were married, and 20% were widowed or divorced. The median score of QoL was 113 (25th and 75th percentile, 101 and 124, respectively). Most of the participants had very poor (bad as can be) or poor (bad) QoL. Only 7.3% were observed to have “good” QoL (scores 140 or more). Females had significantly poorer QoL scores compared to males (p < 0.001). Age, gender, educational status, smoking, and sleep duration significantly predicted QoL in a multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, the QoL of the elderly individuals in Bangladesh was very poor or poor. Future research should focus on service-oriented interventions, especially targeting women. Counseling elderly people to enhance their quality of life may include improving sleep patterns, healthy diets, regular exercise, and caring for their mental health.

Quality of life (QoL) focuses on a person’s ability to live a fulfilling life. In the elderly population, it helps in determining successful aging. Because of a scarcity of information regarding predictors of QoL in the elderly population in developing countries, this study was undertaken to assess the overall QoL and its predictors in the elderly population in an urban setting of Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, 275 participants were enrolled by systematic sampling at the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected by using a pretested semi-structured standard questionnaire for QoL (OPQOL-35). Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the association between QoL and sociodemographic factors. The Chi-square test was done for assessing the statistical significance between categorical variables. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to identify predictors of QoL, after controlling for potential confounders. The median age of the participants (n = 275) was 65 years (range, 60 to 85; 25th and 75th percentile, 60 and 68, respectively). The majority (78%) of them were married and 20% were widowed or divorced. The median score of QoL was 113 (25th and 75th percentile, 101 and 124, respectively). Most of the participants had a very poor (bad as can be) or poor (bad) QoL. Only 7.3% were observed to have “good” QoL (scores 140 or more). Females had significantly poorer QoL scores compared to males (p = 0.01). Educational status, marital status, body mass index and sleep duration significantly predicted QoL in a multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, the QoL of the elderly individuals in Bangladesh was very poor or poor. Future research should focus on service-oriented interventions, especially targeting women. Counseling of elderly people for enhancing their quality of life may include improving sleep patterns, healthy diets, regular exercise, and caring for their mental health.

Objectives: This umbrella review synthesized and critically evaluated evidence from systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) and Computerized Training (CT) for individuals with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), with a focus on cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ACM Digital Library, and EBSCOhost. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251117930). Included reviews were appraised using AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS, while the methodological limitations of primary studies were synthesized from the limitations reported by the included reviews. Narrative synthesis, overlap analysis using the Corrected Covered Area (CCA), and GRADE assessments were performed. Results: Sixteen systematic reviews published between 2017 and 2025, encompassing 324 unique primary studies, met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was generally poor: twelve reviews were rated as having “Critically Low” confidence using AMSTAR-2, while nine were judged to be at ‘High Risk of Bias’ using ROBIS; methodological shortcomings included inadequate or absent assessment of risk of bias in the included primary studies in several reviews. Overlap analysis (CCA = 0.53%) identified two distinct evidence structures. The RAT literature demonstrated a concentrated citation pattern, with recurrent evidence for selected psychosocial outcomes. In contrast, the CT literature was highly fragmented, with divergent findings regarding specific cognitive domains including processing speed and memory recall, largely attributable to non-overlapping evidence bases rather than true scientific disagreement. Consequently, the umbrella-level certainty of evidence was rated as ‘Very Low’ for both RAT and CT across the broad psychosocial and cognitive outcome domains, reflecting serious concerns regarding risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision. Conclusions: RAT showed potential benefits for selected psychosocial outcomes, particularly depression, anxiety, positive emotion, and social interaction. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish the clinical effectiveness of either RAT or CT across broader cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes. Future research should prioritize large-scale, pre-registered, methodologically rigorous trials with standardized core outcome measures to generate reliable evidence for clinical decision-making and dementia care.

Bangladesh is experiencing rapid urbanization and an increasing elderly population, particularly in urban areas. Cognitive decline is a common issue among elderly populations worldwide. This study aims to investigate the current state of cognitive decline among urban-dwelling older adults in Bangladesh to inform effective healthcare plans and programs. This cross-sectional study employed systematic random sampling among 150 participants at the outpatient department of NITOR in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected using a pretested structured standard questionnaire, and cognitive function was assessed with the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS). The study revealed a linear association between cognitive function and factors such as level of educational status, and history of eye sight problem. Conversely, age and diabetes showed an adverse correlation with cognitive function. Moreover, factors such as age, educational level and diabetes remained significant predictors of cognitive function in multivariate analysis. Cognitive impairment is significantly more common among the elderly in Bangladesh, with cognitive abilities being affected by a range of factors such as age, education level, diabetes, and vision issues.

Background This study investigates the determinants of quality of life (QoL) among older adults residing in institutional settings in Bangladesh. Methods Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 570 elderly participants across four institutional care facilities. Sociodemographic, physical health, dietary habits and comorbidity determinants were analyzed to determine their effect on QoL, measured through the OPQOL-35 scale. Results The findings indicated a strong association between lower QoL and age above 75 years, illiteracy, lower income, and absence of elderly allowances. Physical health and dietary habits like sleep, water, fruit intake with chronic diseases including skin disease, visual impairment, and arthritis were found to contribute heavily to poor QoL. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the elderly above the age of 75 years were 5.14 times more likely to report poor QoL, and individuals with visual disorder were 2.72 times more likely to experience poor well-being. These findings identify the multifactorial determinants of the socioeconomic, health, dietary and comorbidity variables influencing institutionalized elderly QoL, indicating the necessity for specific interventions to improve QoL among the elderly population. Conclusion The research indicates that enhancing financial assistance, access to healthcare, and reducing gender inequality could positively contribute to the QoL of the elderly populations living at old homes in Bangladesh and similar low-resource countries.