This study was carried out on the rotation of cowpea-rye + cowpea in successive crops for green manure-sorghum grains, with the objective of increasing the fertility of sandy soils by incorporating green cowpea manure into the soil in combination with chemical fertilization with NPK. In this sense, after harvesting the rye plant, the cowpea was sown, which was then incorporated into the soil during the formation of the beans in the pod. Before incorporating the cowpea biomass into the soil, the initial fertility status of the soil was assessed, and in the spring, the soil was sown with sorghum grain in two fertilization variants (N80P80K80 and N150P80K80). The soil chemical analyses carried out at the end of the vegetation cycle of the sorghum plant showed that by incorporating 52.4 t/ha green cowpea biomass (9.24 t/ha dry biomass), the quality properties of the soil were significantly improved, with annual increases of 0.17–0.29 g/kg in total nitrogen, 9.5–13.33 mg/kg in extractable phosphorus, 11.33–24 mg/kg in exchangeable potassium, and 0.08–0.12 g/kg in organic carbon, also depending on the sorghum fertilization system. It has also been shown to reduce the acidity of the soil pH and improve the water holding capacity of the soil.

As a result of the low organic matter content of the sandy soils in Romania, for the success of most crops, large amounts of chemical fertilizers are needed, which can often lead to the pollution of groundwater with nitrates, given the poor hydrophysical properties in terms of retaining chemical elements by these soils. In this sense, the study carried out in the period 2020-2023 within the rotation cowpea-rye+cowpea successive crop-sorghum for grains, aimed to promote the system of sustainable agriculture, by incorporating into the soil, in the form of green manure, the cowpea sown in succession after the rye. The soil quality analyses, carried out the following year after harvesting sorghum for grains, showed that by incorporating 52.4 t/ha of cowpea biomass into the soil between October 15-20, the quality characteristics of the sandy soil improved significantly. Thus, compared to the initial state of soil fertility, there were annual increases of 0.017-0.029%, in total nitrogen, by 9.5-13.3 ppm, in extractable phosphorus, by 11.333-24 ppm, in exchangeable potassium and by 0.008-0.012%, to organic carbon, also depending on the sorghum fertilization system. Also, the incorporation of green cowpea manure into the soil contributed to reducing the acidity of the soil pH and improving the water holding capacity of the soil profile.

The study on the valorization of natural resources through cowpea cultivation represents a challenge to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on the environment and on the food security of the population in drought-affected areas globally, and specifically in the sandy soil area of Romania. Thus, the existence in Romania of an area of approximately 439,000 ha with sands and sandy soils, soils with low natural fertility (below 1.2% humus) and with deficient hydrophysical properties, implies finding solutions for their efficient valorization through ecological modeling of the species/varieties structure, depending on the adaptability of the plant in a given area. In this sense, given the economic importance of cowpea, given by the plant’s properties (drought resistance, source of increasing the organic matter content in sands, source of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, good precursor plant, source of protein for humans and animals), the cultivation of this species in a sustainable agricultural system is outlined, as an alternative solution to the cultivation of other leguminous plants. Considered a crop suitable for a climate change scenario, the conservation of genetic biodiversity and the establishment of technological inputs are essential objectives for promoting cowpea in a sustainable agricultural system, given the increasing drought in the world and the increasing need for protein.

The research was carried out in the period 2024-2025 and aimed at the comparative competition culture behavior of seven new cowpea lines obtained at the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Dăbuleni Sands, in order to introduce the most valuable ones into culture. The results obtained showed that the vegetation period of the new cowpea lines lasted 69.5-82.5 days, by accumulating total thermal resources in the air of 1637.9-1970.7 0C, standing out by earliness of 12.5-15.5 days compared to the Doljana variety (control), the LD 5/2020 and LD 6/2020 lines. Compared to the control variety, the new cowpea lines recorded lower values of plant height and leaf index and better fruiting of the plant. The lines with the best production results (1718.51-2007.11 kg/ha) were highlighted: LD 3/2020, LD 5/2020 and LD 6/2020, which stood out significantly and distinctly significantly from the Doljana variety. The grain production obtained from the assortment of cowpea genotypes studied was distinctly significantly positively correlated with the number of pods/plant (r=0.838**) and significantly negatively correlated with the leaf area index (r= - 0.754*). From the point of view of production quality, the lines LD 1/2020, LD 3/2020, LD 5/2020 and LD 6/2020 stood out for their high crude protein content in the grain (26.19-26.72%), with differences of 1.59-2.2%, statistically assured compared to the control variety.

The research carried out had as its objective the introduction of some valuable medicinal and aromatic plant species into cultivation on sandy soils and aimed at enriching the collection of medicinal and aromatic plants existing at the Research Development Station Plant Culture Sands Dăbuleni .The behavior of the Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (senna) species on sandy soils was monitored in 2024 within the framework of Project 1.2.2,, Diversification of the assortment of medicinal, aromatic and Jerusalem artichoke plant species cultivated on sandy soils,, funded by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.Under irrigation conditions, at Research Development Station Plant Culture Sands Dăbuleni, the senna crop recorded an average production of green herb of 12640 kg/ha and of dry herb of 2429 kg/ha.

The purpose of this study was to study the behavior of wheat under non-irrigated conditions in the context of recent climate changes, with the objective of choosing the soil for the maximum manifestation of the plant's biological potential under conditions of thermohydric stress. In this sense, five work points were placed in plots sown with the Glosa wheat variety on two types of soil (loamy-sandy and chernozem), in order to evaluate the plant's behavior according to fertility. The obtained results highlighted a degree of twinning of the plant of about 89.74%, in the wheat crop placed on chernozem, exceeding by 16.8% the degree of twinning recorded in wheat plants grown on sandy-loamy soil, where the average of the analyzed points was 72.94%. The analysis of the phytosanitary state of the wheat crop revealed a degree of attack of 46-64% caused by the infection with Puccinia striiformis + Septoria tritici and 0-1.9% caused by Erysiphe graminis, the intensity of the attack being slightly higher with the sown wheat on the chernozem type soil as a result of a higher density of plants and the induction of a wetter microclimate the architecture of the leaf apparatus. The results obtained during the harvesting of the plant, highlighted the recording of the highest productions in the plots of wheat sown on chernozem soil (3664-4735kg/ha), exceeding on average by 82.5% the production recorded on sandy-loamy soil.