Objectives. The aim of this systematic review is to study the causes of odontogenic chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis (CMRS), the average age of the patients, the distribution by sex, and the teeth involved.Materials and Methods. We performed an EMBASE-, Cochrane-, and PubMed-based review of all of the described cases of odontogenic CMRS from January 1980 to January 2013. Issues of clinical relevance, such as the primary aetiology and the teeth involved, were evaluated for each case.Results. From the 190 identified publications, 23 were selected for a total of 674 patients following inclusion criteria. According to these data, the main cause of odontogenic CMRS is iatrogenic, accounting for 65.7% of the cases. Apical periodontal pathologies (apical granulomas, odontogenic cysts, and apical periodontitis) follow them and account for 25.1% of the cases. The most commonly involved teeth are the first and second molars.Conclusion. Odontogenic CMRS is a common disease that must be suspected whenever a patient undergoing dental treatment presents unilateral maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis.

Significance: Currently available smell testing methods can be confounded by the lack of prior experience or insensitivity to the odorants used in the test. This introduces a source of bias into clinical tests aimed at detecting patients with olfactory dysfunction. We have developed smell tests that use mixtures of 30 molecules that average out the variability in sensitivity to individual molecules. Because these mixtures have an unfamiliar smell and the tests are nonsemantic, their use eliminates differences in test performance due to familiarity with the smells or the words used to describe them. SMELL-S and SMELL-R facilitate smell testing in different populations, without the need to adapt test stimuli to account for differences in familiarity with the test odors.

In this work we used micro-array experiments to determine the role of each nonessential subunit of the conserved Ccr4-Not complex in the control of gene expression in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The study was performed with cells growing exponentially in high glucose and with cells grown to glucose depletion. Specific patterns of gene deregulation were observed upon deletion of any given subunit, revealing the specificity of each subunit's function. Consistently, the purification of the Ccr4-Not complex through Caf40p by tandem affinity purification from wild-type cells or cells lacking individual subunits of the Ccr4-Not complex revealed that each subunit had a particular impact on complex integrity. Furthermore, the micro-arrays revealed that the role of each subunit was specific to the growth conditions. From the study of only two different growth conditions, revealing an impact of the Ccr4-Not complex on more than 85% of all studied genes, we can infer that the Ccr4-Not complex is important for expression of most of the yeast genome.

Purpose of the Review: This study aims to summarize the current state of the art of how taste disorders are clinically best managed. Recent Findings: Taste disorders are distressing for the concerned patients since eating and drinking become bothersome or impossible. Apart from nutritional problems, quality of life is impaired. Still, diagnosis and treatment of taste disorders are elusive, and general knowledge about taste and its affection is little within the population and the medical community. This review stresses the importance of accurate workup and diagnosis of taste disorders in order to offer an effective treatment. Yet unclear aspects of taste disorders are discussed, and interesting findings regarding the treatment of taste disorders are reviewed. A special focus is given to current pharmacological options on how to treat taste disorders. Summary: Despite impressive insights into the gustatory function and molecular logic of taste receptor cells, there is currently poor clinical knowledge on the pathophysiology of taste disorders in humans. Diagnosing, measuring, and treating gustatory disorders remain restricted to a handful of specialized smell and taste centers worldwide. Despite interesting work on potential drugs treating taste disorders, many of the reported medications lack controlled and randomized trials confirming their efficacy in taste dysfunction. Future efforts need to be focused on the treatment of taste disorders.