Summary: A new species, Pratylenchus platyceriumis sp. n., was intercepted in the roots and rhizosphere of Platycerium spp. imported from Thailand. It is characterised by sexual adults with lip region containing two annuli, the lateral field with four equidistant lines, partially areolated, the female stylet (16.5-18.7 μm) robust with broadly rounded knobs, V = (70.2-79.2), with a large oval spermatheca often full of sperm, tail subcylindrical to conoid, and terminus obliquely truncated to conical with variable mucrons or projections. Male spicules are arch-shaped, the gubernaculum trough-shaped, the tail conoid, with tip narrow and pointed and bursa striated instead of crenate. The new species is close to Pratylenchus coffeae, P. dakotaensis, P. goodeyi, P. gutierrezi, P. horti, P. morettoi, P. okinawaensis, P. panamaensis, P. pratensis, P. pseudocoffeae, P. speijeri, P. yamagutii and P. ventroprojectus, but different. Phylogenetic analyses using D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene, the ITS region, the partial 18S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirm its classification as a new species.

Light-based trapping is a promising non-chemical approach for sustainable locust management in protected agriculture. However, how polarized light properties influence locust aggregation behavior under shed conditions remains insufficiently characterized. To clarify how polarized spectral properties and polarized light configurations, namely linearly polarized light (LPL) and linear detection-polarized light (LDPL), modulate polarotactic aggregation sensitivity, and to support the development of polarized spectral trapping devices for locust control, this study systematically evaluated the responses of Locusta migratoria manilensis to violet light (405 nm) and orange light (610 nm) based on prior laboratory findings. Locusts were exposed to LPL and LDPL with different E-vector orientations (0–330° at 30° intervals) under different nocturnal illumination durations. The results showed that differences in aggregation sensitivity between the two polarized light configurations were wavelength-dependent. Under violet light, the largest sensitivity differences occurred at the 150° E-vector orientation for LPL and the 240° E-vector orientation for LDPL, whereas under orange light, the largest differences were observed at the 270° E-vector orientation for LPL and the 240° E-vector orientation for LDPL. The duration-dependent enhancement of aggregation sensitivity also exhibited wavelength-dependent temporal threshold characteristics. After 10 h of illumination, LPL induced the highest mean aggregation sensitivity at the 270° E-vector orientation under both violet and orange light, whereas LDPL produced the highest mean aggregation sensitivity at the 240° E-vector orientation under violet light and at the 30° E-vector orientation under orange light. The spectral properties of LPL did not alter the cosine-periodic response of locusts to the E-vector, with sensitivity-associated E-vector orientations occurring at 270°, 180°, 0°, and 90°. In contrast, the spectral properties of LDPL reshaped the wavelength-dependent sine- and cosine-like tuning patterns and markedly shifted the sensitivity-associated E-vector orientations, with prominent orientations of 240° and 270° under violet light and 30° and 240° under orange light. Notably, under violet light, LDPL elicited significantly stronger light-induced aggregation sensitivity than LPL, with the highest observed response occurring at the 240° E-vector orientation after 10 h of illumination. Moreover, the polarized light configuration modulated the combined effects of polarized spectral properties and illumination duration: the duration-dependent enhancement was more pronounced under orange light, whereas the overall light-induced aggregation response was stronger under violet light. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that polarized spectral properties and polarized light configurations jointly determine locust polarotactic aggregation sensitivity, with linear detection polarized violet light producing the highest induction effect under specific E-vector and temporal conditions. This study reveals the sine- and cosine-like tuning characteristics of locust responses to different polarized light configurations, together with their wavelength dependence and temporal threshold effects, thereby providing a theoretical basis and behavioral evidence for the development of efficient polarized spectral trapping devices.

Summary: Two new species, Tylenchorhynchus aceris n. sp., detected in the root rhizosphere of Acer palmatum Thunb. 1784 from The Netherlands, and T. platyceriumis n. sp., detected in the root rhizosphere of Platycerium sp. imported from Thailand, were intercepted. T. aceris n. sp. is characterised by lateral field with four incisures, outer incisures crenated, outer bands occasionally areolated; adults having moderately stout body ( (22.6-29.6) in females and 27.2 (22.8-30.5) in males), lip region of both sexes slightly offset from the body contour with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) annuli, stylet 22.6 (21.1-24.0) μ m long in females and 22.9 (21.7-24.0) μ m long in males; female tail conoid, with 13.4 (10-17) ventral annuli and (1.8-2.5), terminus round and smooth (occasionally simple crenated subventrally); male tail conical, spicules 24.0 (22.2-25.6) μ m long, and gubernaculum with a crest. T. platyceriumis n. sp. is characterised by lateral field with four incisures, outer incisures crenated; adults with moderately stout body ( (20.5-27.9) in females and 26.0 (22.7-28.8) in males), lip region of both sexes continuous to slightly offset from the body contour with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) annuli, stylet 20.6 (19.0-22.3) μ m long in females and 20.1 (18.6-22.4) μ m long in males; both sexes with postrectal sac; female tail conoid to subcylindrical with 22.8 (18-28) ventral annuli and (1.8-2.7), terminus striated with variable patterns; male tail conical, spicules relatively longer than those of congeners, measuring 29.1 (26.6-32.1) μ m; and gubernaculum with a crest. According to the categorisation codes proposed by Ghaderi & Hosseinvand (2022), T. aceris n. sp. is defined as A2-B3-C1-D1-E1-F1-G2-H1-I1-J2, whereas T. platyceriumis n. sp. is defined as A2-B2-C2-D1-E1-F1-G2-H2-I1-J8 based on 10 diagnostic morphological traits of Tylenchorhynchus spp. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, 28S D2-D3 and ITS rDNA sequences further support the status of Tylenchorhynchus population on A. palmatum from The Netherlands and that on Platycerium sp. from Thailand as two distinct new species.

Summary: Burrowing nematodes, Radopholus spp., have been consistently detected in the rhizosphere medium and root samples of various plant seedlings imported from Ecuador, Laos, Indonesia and Thailand in Yunnan province, P.R. China. Two isolates of Radopholus duriophilus were intercepted in the rhizosphere medium and root samples of Durio zibethinus and Syzygium hainanense seedlings from Laos, respectively. Six isolates of R. similis were intercepted in the rhizosphere medium and root samples of various seedling plants from three countries. They were characterised using morphological, morphometric and molecular criteria. The two newly recorded isolates of R. duriophilus share common morphological and morphometric characteristics but differ to some degree from their original description in Vietnam. They are characterised by: sexual adults with four lateral lines, with the central band mostly distinctly narrower than two outer bands, female labial region with 3-4 marked annuli of equal width, excretory pore located at, or slightly posterior to, the level of the pharyngo-intestinal junction, spermatheca filled with round or oval-shaped sperm depending on the viewing angle, rarely empty and post-rectal intestine sac present. The population ratio of females to males was approximately 20:1. The six newly recorded isolates of R. similis share common morphological characteristics with slight morphometric differences from some isolates in the literature. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using ITS and 28S D2-D3 rRNA gene sequences, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mt COI ) sequences from burrowing nematode species, including newly obtained sequences of two isolates of R. duriophilus and six isolates of R. similis , along with other related genera. All Bayesian trees indicate that two populations of R. duriophilus from Laos have the closest phylogenetic relationship with those from Vietnam, while six populations of R. similis exhibit the closest phylogenetic relationships with related populations of R. similis . Furthermore, R. duriophilus is documented as a new geographical record for Laos and as a new host record for Syzygium hainanense .

Summary: A new species, Pratylenchus moensi n. sp., was intercepted in the roots and rhizosphere of Artemisia sp. carried by a passenger arriving from Vietnam. It is characterised by amphimictic adults with lip region bearing two annuli, lateral field with four equidistant lines, partially areolated. Female stylet (16.9 (16.1-17.7) μ m) robust with broadly rounded knobs, V = 83.5 (82.0-84.9), with a large oblong spermatheca often full of sperm, tail subcylindrical, tip smooth. Male common, tail conoid with narrow and pointed tip; bursa finely crenate. According to the categorisation codes originally proposed by Castillo & Vovlas (2007) and revised by Gafur (2020), the new species is defined as A1-B2-C3-D3(2)-E3-F234-G23-H1-I123-J1-K2. The new species is close to P. alleni , P. araucensis , P. artemisiae , P. coffeae , P. floridensis , P. gutierrezi , P. hippeastri , P. horti , P. jaehni , P. loosi , P. okinawaensis , P. parafloridensis , P. panamaensis , P. platyceriumis , P. pseudocoffeae , P. scribneri , P. speijeri and P. yamagutii but differs from them in several morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly-full-length 18S rRNA gene, the D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region of the rRNA gene further support the status of the Artemisia population from Vietnam as a distinct new species.

Summary: Aphelenchoides persicarialis n. sp. was intercepted in the root rhizosphere and leaves of Persicaria sp. (Miller) imported from Vietnam. It is characterised by sexual adults having a slender body (a = 42.2 (42.5-50.9) for females and 44.7 (37.9-52.1) for males); lateral field with variable lateral lines patterns – two lines at the medium bulb and tail region, four lines in pharyngeal glands region, 5-6 lines in reproductive region (5-6 in females and 5 in males); relatively long stylets (14.0-15.8 μ m in females and 13.0-15.7 μ m in males); excretory pore anterior to or at the level of the nerve ring, anteriorly inclining vagina extending approximately two-thirds of body width with subulate vulva lips (lacking flap); a well-developed post-uterine sac forming ca 53.8 (42.2-69.5)% of the vulva-to-anus distance, smoothly arcuate spicules with rounded and short apex and rostrum, and a dorsal limb 21.5 (19.4-24.3) μ m long terminating in a bluntly rounded tip. The male tail bears three pairs (2 + 2 + 2) of caudal papillae. The tails of both sexual adults are conoid, with sexual dimorphism in the tail terminus: the female tail ends in a pointed mucron with tiny multi-nodular protuberances or a warty-like protuberance, whereas the male tail has a sharply pointed mucron (with or without a minute nodular-like tip). The new species belongs to Group 2 of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina and is defined as A2-B2-C(1)2-D3-E5*-F1 according to the categorisation codes of OEPP/EPPO. Morphometric data and brief morphological characters comments concerning A. fragariae (Ritzema Bos, 1890) Christie, 1932 on Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng from The Netherlands are also given. The evidence from the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, 28S D2-D3 of rDNA, and ITS along with mt COI provides further support for the status of this Aphelenchoides population on Persicaria sp. from Vietnam as a new species.