Locusta migratoria manilensis exhibits polarization-sensitive (polarotactic) aggregation be havior that can be exploited for behavioral control. This study elucidates the effects of cir-cumferential vector combination patterns generated by linearly polarized and polariza-tion-detection violet+orange lighting systems on locust aggregation. Using standard, line-arly polarized, and polarization-detection lighting devices, we quantified phototactic and polarotactic aggregation responses under controlled breeding-shed conditions to assess sensitivity differences. The results indicate that polarization characteristics are the prima-ry determinants of differential sensitivity between polarotactic and phototactic aggrega-tion, mediated by circumferential vector combination patterns. Light exposure duration significantly influenced aggregation responses; at 9.0 h, the polarization-detection device VI elicited the strongest polarotactic aggregation, whereas device I induced the highest phototactic response. Furthermore, the circumferential vector patterns produced by linear-ly polarized device III and polarization-detection device VI were most effective in inducing polarotaxis. These findings demonstrate that locust visual sensitivity is regulated by het-erogeneous polarization properties of light and modulated by exposure duration. Lever-aging the dependence of polarotactic sensitivity on specific vector combination patterns, particularly the optimal performance of device VI and the secondary effect of device III, at 9.0 h strategic deployment of such lighting systems can disrupt celestial polariza-tion-based navigation. This provides a practical basis for locust behavioral control and advances the mechanistic understanding of polarization vision in locusts.

Summary: Two new species, Tylenchorhynchus aceris n. sp., detected in the root rhizosphere of Acer palmatum Thunb. 1784 from The Netherlands, and T. platyceriumis n. sp., detected in the root rhizosphere of Platycerium sp. imported from Thailand, were intercepted. T. aceris n. sp. is characterised by lateral field with four incisures, outer incisures crenated, outer bands occasionally areolated; adults having moderately stout body ( (22.6-29.6) in females and 27.2 (22.8-30.5) in males), lip region of both sexes slightly offset from the body contour with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) annuli, stylet 22.6 (21.1-24.0) μ m long in females and 22.9 (21.7-24.0) μ m long in males; female tail conoid, with 13.4 (10-17) ventral annuli and (1.8-2.5), terminus round and smooth (occasionally simple crenated subventrally); male tail conical, spicules 24.0 (22.2-25.6) μ m long, and gubernaculum with a crest. T. platyceriumis n. sp. is characterised by lateral field with four incisures, outer incisures crenated; adults with moderately stout body ( (20.5-27.9) in females and 26.0 (22.7-28.8) in males), lip region of both sexes continuous to slightly offset from the body contour with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) annuli, stylet 20.6 (19.0-22.3) μ m long in females and 20.1 (18.6-22.4) μ m long in males; both sexes with postrectal sac; female tail conoid to subcylindrical with 22.8 (18-28) ventral annuli and (1.8-2.7), terminus striated with variable patterns; male tail conical, spicules relatively longer than those of congeners, measuring 29.1 (26.6-32.1) μ m; and gubernaculum with a crest. According to the categorisation codes proposed by Ghaderi & Hosseinvand (2022), T. aceris n. sp. is defined as A2-B3-C1-D1-E1-F1-G2-H1-I1-J2, whereas T. platyceriumis n. sp. is defined as A2-B2-C2-D1-E1-F1-G2-H2-I1-J8 based on 10 diagnostic morphological traits of Tylenchorhynchus spp. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, 28S D2-D3 and ITS rDNA sequences further support the status of Tylenchorhynchus population on A. palmatum from The Netherlands and that on Platycerium sp. from Thailand as two distinct new species.

Summary: A new species, Pratylenchus moensi n. sp., was intercepted in the roots and rhizosphere of Artemisia sp. carried by a passenger arriving from Vietnam. It is characterised by amphimictic adults with lip region bearing two annuli, lateral field with four equidistant lines, partially areolated. Female stylet (16.9 (16.1-17.7) μ m) robust with broadly rounded knobs, V = 83.5 (82.0-84.9), with a large oblong spermatheca often full of sperm, tail subcylindrical, tip smooth. Male common, tail conoid with narrow and pointed tip; bursa finely crenate. According to the categorisation codes originally proposed by Castillo & Vovlas (2007) and revised by Gafur (2020), the new species is defined as A1-B2-C3-D3(2)-E3-F234-G23-H1-I123-J1-K2. The new species is close to P. alleni , P. araucensis , P. artemisiae , P. coffeae , P. floridensis , P. gutierrezi , P. hippeastri , P. horti , P. jaehni , P. loosi , P. okinawaensis , P. parafloridensis , P. panamaensis , P. platyceriumis , P. pseudocoffeae , P. scribneri , P. speijeri and P. yamagutii but differs from them in several morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nearly-full-length 18S rRNA gene, the D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region of the rRNA gene further support the status of the Artemisia population from Vietnam as a distinct new species.

Summary: Aphelenchoides persicarialis n. sp. was intercepted in the root rhizosphere and leaves of Persicaria sp. (Miller) imported from Vietnam. It is characterised by sexual adults having a slender body (a = 42.2 (42.5-50.9) for females and 44.7 (37.9-52.1) for males); lateral field with variable lateral lines patterns – two lines at the medium bulb and tail region, four lines in pharyngeal glands region, 5-6 lines in reproductive region (5-6 in females and 5 in males); relatively long stylets (14.0-15.8 μ m in females and 13.0-15.7 μ m in males); excretory pore anterior to or at the level of the nerve ring, anteriorly inclining vagina extending approximately two-thirds of body width with subulate vulva lips (lacking flap); a well-developed post-uterine sac forming ca 53.8 (42.2-69.5)% of the vulva-to-anus distance, smoothly arcuate spicules with rounded and short apex and rostrum, and a dorsal limb 21.5 (19.4-24.3) μ m long terminating in a bluntly rounded tip. The male tail bears three pairs (2 + 2 + 2) of caudal papillae. The tails of both sexual adults are conoid, with sexual dimorphism in the tail terminus: the female tail ends in a pointed mucron with tiny multi-nodular protuberances or a warty-like protuberance, whereas the male tail has a sharply pointed mucron (with or without a minute nodular-like tip). The new species belongs to Group 2 of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina and is defined as A2-B2-C(1)2-D3-E5*-F1 according to the categorisation codes of OEPP/EPPO. Morphometric data and brief morphological characters comments concerning A. fragariae (Ritzema Bos, 1890) Christie, 1932 on Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng from The Netherlands are also given. The evidence from the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, 28S D2-D3 of rDNA, and ITS along with mt COI provides further support for the status of this Aphelenchoides population on Persicaria sp. from Vietnam as a new species.

The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Fairmaire et L.J. Reiche) (Insecta: Orthoptera) (syn. L. m. manilensis), exhibits polarization-sensitive (polarotactic) aggregation behavior that can be exploited for behavioral control. This study elucidates the effects of circumferential vector combination patterns generated by linearly polarized and polarization-detection violet (520 nm) + orange (610 nm) lighting systems on locust aggregation. Using standard, linearly polarized, and polarization-detection lighting devices, we quantified phototactic and polarotactic aggregation responses under controlled breeding-shed conditions to assess sensitivity differences. The results indicate that polarization characteristics are the primary determinants of differential sensitivity between polarotactic and phototactic aggregation, mediated by circumferential vector combination patterns. Light exposure duration significantly influenced aggregation responses; at 9.0 h, the polarization-detection device VI elicited the strongest polarotactic aggregation response, whereas device I induced the strongest phototactic aggregation response. Furthermore, the circumferential vector patterns produced by linearly polarized device III and polarization-detection device VI were most effective in inducing polarotaxis. These findings demonstrate that locust visual sensitivity is regulated by heterogeneous polarization properties of light and modulated by exposure duration. Leveraging the dependence of polarotactic sensitivity on specific vector combination patterns, particularly the optimal performance of device VI and the suboptimal effect of device III, at 9.0 h strategic deployment of such lighting systems can disrupt celestial polarization-based navigation. This provides a practical basis for locust behavioral control and contributes behavioral evidence on polarization-guided aggregation in locusts.

Mudaria Moore, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), the common durian-fruit borers, are economically devastating pests of tropical crops (such as Durio zibethinus , Ceiba pentandra , Bombax spp.), yet their phylogenetic position has long been controversial due to morphological ambiguities. In this study, we sequenced and annotated three complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of this genus: Mudaria szalkayjozsefi (15,325 bp), Mudaria bogdanpopescui (15,391 bp), and Mudaria stahlgretschae (15,396 bp). All these mitogenomes exhibit the conserved ancestral lepidopteran gene order of 37 genes and display a profound A+T compositional bias (>80%). Comparative mitogenomic analyses revealed highly conserved relative synonymous codon usage and typical invertebrate mitochondrial features, alongside notable interspecific variation in the start codon of the atp8 gene (165/159/165 bp). To clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Mudaria among Noctuidae, a robust macro-scale maximum-likelihood phylogenetic framework was reconstructed using a concatenated super-matrix (13 protein-coding genes and two rRNA genes) from 144 species, alongside an expanded fine-scale cox1 tree of 249 species. Crucially, our super-matrix unambiguously placed the Mudaria clade as an independent basal lineage of Noctuidae, positioned as the sister group to the subfamily Acontiinae. Concurrently, the fine-scale cox1 tree pinpointed its precise evolutionary neighborhood, resolving Mudaria as the immediate sister group to the Acontiine lineage comprising Parerastria castaneata and Lacistophanes hackeri . Although a formal subfamilial reassignment remains tentative pending comprehensive morphological validation, these newly curated genomic and barcode references provide critical high-precision anchors for international quarantine interception and the refinement of integrated pest management strategies against these destructive cryptic pests.