Applause sign (AS) was shown to be an indicator of frontal subcortical dysfunction in many neurodegenerative diseases. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is one of those in which frontosubcortical disconnection can be displayed. We aimed to examine the presence of AS in the elderly patients with INPH and its possible diagnostic role in the frontal dysfunction commonly seen in the disease. Sixty-six patients diagnosed with probable INPH, 32 with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and 325 healthy elderly subjects were included in this cross-sectional and retrospective study. AS was evaluated with the clapping test. Patients with INPH were further assessed with frontal assessment battery (FAB), Stroop test, verbal fluency test and clock drawing test (CDT). The concentration of total amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), Aβ40, total (t) tau and phosphorylated (p)-tau proteins were also measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). AS was observed in all groups (40% in bvFTD, 28.8% in INPH, 1.2% in controls, respectively). It was significantly more frequent in patients with bvFTD and INPH as compared to the controls (p < 0.001, for each). The frequency was similar in the patients with bvFTD and INPH (p = 0.802). Significant differences were found between the AS(+) and (−) INPH patients with regards to FAB, Stroop test-errors and verbal fluency test, except for the CSF proteins. AS can be used as a simple, useful and rapid clinical test that investigates executive dysfunction in elderly patients with INPH in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Chemobrain is one of the problems that may arise during or after treatment and there is currently no specific treatment for this condition. Our case was a 76-year-old female patient who presented to our clinic with complaints of forgetfulness that did not affect daily living activities for the last year. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 2013 and she has been receiving anastrozole treatment for 6 years after local mass excision surgery and radiotherapy. After a comprehensive geriatric evaluation, cognitive impairment due to systemic cancer therapy was detected and treatment was started with Theracurmin 90 mg twice a day therapy. After 3-months of Theracurmin therapy, she had no cognitive improvement during the follow-up. This case report demonstrated that Theracurmin treatment may be a new option for chemobrain.

Amaç: Düşme, yaşlı kişilerde yaygın olarak görülen ve bireylerin bağımsızlığını tehdit eden önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Düşme için önlenebilir risk faktörlerinin tanınması ve ortadan kaldırılması bireyin yaşam kalitesi için önemlidir. Yaşlı bireylerde sık görülen sendromlardan biri olan geriatrik depresyonun tanınması ve tedavisinin başlanması ayrıntılı geriatrik değerlendirme ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlılarda sık görülen iki sendrom olan geriatrik depresyon ile düşme arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 60 yaş ve üzeri 1372 hasta alındı. Çalışmamız kesitsel retrospektif olarak dizayn edildi. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik verileri, son bir yıldaki düşme sıklığı öyküsü, geriatrik depresyon ölçeği puanları, yürüme ve denge ölçeklerini içeren Ayrıntılı Geriatrik Değerlendirme verileri hasta takip dosyalarından incelenerek değerlendirildi. Elde edilen sonuçlarla prevelans analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Düşme, depresyon tanısı olan grupta, depresyon tanısı olmayan gruptan anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla %35,2; %26,7, p=0,003). Her iki grup yaş açısından benzerlik göstermekteydi. Depresyon tanısı alanlarda kadın cinsiyet oranı daha fazlaydı (p<0,001). Düşme, depresyon tanılı yaşlı olgularda ‘’Zamanlı Kalk ve Yürü Testi’’ ve Performans Odaklı Mobilite Değerlendirmesi (POMA) skorları ile korele bulundu (p<0,001).Sonuç: Depresyon ve düşme sıklığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Düşme öyküsü olan depresyon tanılı hastaların yürüme ve denge durum değerlendirmesi ve bu durumların yönetimi gözden geçirilmelidir. Depresyonu olan yaşlı bireyler düşme açısından titizlikle sorgulanmalı ve takip edilmelidir. Bu konuda yapılacak destekleyici çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible decrease in kidney functions and accumulation of uremic toxins in the body. Platelet indices have the potential to predict the inflammatory status and disease progression in patients with CKD. In this study it was aimed to investigate platelet indices and their relations with renal function and comorbid conditions in CKD patients. Method: In this study it was included 411 CKD patients. We looked for associations between platelet indices and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We generated linear regression models for platelet indices that may be associated with eGFR. We evaluated CKD patients for possible associations between platelet indices and comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Results: The mean age of CKD patients was 60.5 and the GFR value was 40.1+24.8 mL/min/1.73m2. While the mean platelet count, MPV, PCT, PDW, P-LCR values were lower in the advanced CKD group, hematocrit adjusted platelet count (HAPC), MPV/Lymphocyte ratio and SII parameters were higher in the advanced CKD group (p

Frailty represents a complex and evolving geriatric syndrome characterized by diminished physiological reserves and heightened sensitivity to internal and external stressors. It plays a critical role in shaping clinical outcomes in older adults, surpassing chronological age as a predictor of adverse events such as hospitalization, disability, and premature mortality. This chapter examines the multifaceted contributors to frailty, including multimorbidity, sarcopenia, inflammaging, polypharmacy, and limitations in functional capacity. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) as a cornerstone for early detection and tailored intervention. Core conceptual models—such as the Frailty Phenotype, Frailty Index, and Clinical Frailty Scale—are evaluated alongside practical approaches to prevention and management. These include structured exercise interventions, dietary strategies, deprescribing frameworks, and psychosocial support systems. Ethical considerations in treatment planning and the growing influence of artificial intelligence in enhancing personalized care and extending health span are also explored. By integrating clinical, biological, and technological perspectives, this chapter advocates for a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to addressing frailty and supporting longevity in aging populations. The provided synthesis offers actionable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and health policy stakeholders.