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Frauke Behrendt
Technology, Innovation and Society Group (TIS), Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Atlas 5.402, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Electrically-assisted cycling can make a major contribution to sustainable mobility. For some people, hills are a barrier for cycling. This paper focuses on how and why electrically-assisted bikes make a difference to cycling in hilly contexts, and can thus be an important element of sustainable mobility in hilly geographies. It makes a novel contribution in being able to draw on recorded sensor data of the actual use of assistance in relation to the specific geography of the route cycled (GPS data), and interview/survey material. It shows that e-bikes extend the range, nature and scope of journeys manageable by bike, and therefore the general viability of e-bikes as alternative to other modes. It highlights that the benefits of using e-bikes are often also psychological, since they can change the overall enjoyability of the cycling experience in hilly areas. Resulting policy recommendations, that could lead to significant CO2 savings through the uptake of e-cycling in hilly contexts, include ‘try before you buy’ schemes, training for e-bike users and investing in relevant cycling infrastructure.

ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt; Sally Cairns; David Raffo; Ian Philips. Impact of E-Bikes on Cycling in Hilly Areas: Participants’ Experience of Electrically-Assisted Cycling in a UK Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8946 .

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt, Sally Cairns, David Raffo, Ian Philips. Impact of E-Bikes on Cycling in Hilly Areas: Participants’ Experience of Electrically-Assisted Cycling in a UK Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt; Sally Cairns; David Raffo; Ian Philips. 2021. "Impact of E-Bikes on Cycling in Hilly Areas: Participants’ Experience of Electrically-Assisted Cycling in a UK Study." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8946.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Within the context of the intersection of the global megatrends of urbanisation, ageing societies and digitalisation, this paper explores older people’s mobility, with a particular interest in public transport, and a strong consideration of digital/ICT elements. With a focus on (smart) mobility, the paper aims to conceptualise transport, one of the main domains of age-friendly cities as a core element of a smart, age-friendly ecosystem. It also aims to propose a justice-informed perspective for the study of age-friendly smart mobility; to contribute towards a framework for the evaluation of age-friendly smart transport as a core element of the global age-friendly cities programme that comprises mobility practices, digital data, digital networks, material/physical geographies and digital devices and access; and to introduce the term “mobility digital ecosystem” to describe this framework. The paper uses the method of a narrative literature review to weave together a selected range of perspectives from communications, transport, and mobility studies in order to introduce the embeddedness of both communication technology use and mobility practices into their material conditions. Combining insights from communications, mobility and transport and social gerontology with a justice perspective on ICT access and mobility, the paper then develops a framework to study age-friendly smart mobility. What we call a “mobility digital ecosystem” framework comprises five elements—mobility practices, digital data, digital networks, material geographies, digital devices and access to services. The paper contributes a justice-informed perspective that points towards a conceptualisation of age-friendly smart mobility as a core element of the age-friendly cities and communities in the WHO’s global age-friendly cities programme.

ACS Style

Eugène Loos; Maria Sourbati; Frauke Behrendt. The Role of Mobility Digital Ecosystems for Age-Friendly Urban Public Transport: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7465 .

AMA Style

Eugène Loos, Maria Sourbati, Frauke Behrendt. The Role of Mobility Digital Ecosystems for Age-Friendly Urban Public Transport: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (20):7465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugène Loos; Maria Sourbati; Frauke Behrendt. 2020. "The Role of Mobility Digital Ecosystems for Age-Friendly Urban Public Transport: A Narrative Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7465.

Research article
Published: 04 February 2020 in New Media & Society
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This article examines converging trends in ageing, digitalisation and datafication in the context of mobility and transport. While mobility data are increasingly captured by (public) transport and mobility as a service (MaaS) providers, Internet of Things (IoT) vehicles, apps and so on, the increasing entanglement of mobility and datafication happens unevenly, for example, in relation to age. This is particularly significant in the light of the rise of data-driven policy-making, and its potential impacts on mobility provision for older people. The article highlights new questions for public policy around data gaps and social inclusion and examines them through a UK case study. The results show that old age and mobility is an area with significant gaps in the data available to policy makers. A key recommendation is for commissioning bodies to develop a strategic approach to structured data gathering and analysis that addresses issues of exclusion from smart public service infrastructure.

ACS Style

Maria Sourbati; Frauke Behrendt. Smart mobility, age and data justice. New Media & Society 2020, 23, 1398 -1414.

AMA Style

Maria Sourbati, Frauke Behrendt. Smart mobility, age and data justice. New Media & Society. 2020; 23 (6):1398-1414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Sourbati; Frauke Behrendt. 2020. "Smart mobility, age and data justice." New Media & Society 23, no. 6: 1398-1414.

Article
Published: 21 December 2019 in Mobilities
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This article explores how cycling is currently considered in European policy documents related to transport aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT), what kind of representation of cycling can be imagined for utopian EC IoT policies documents, and how a combination of empirical policy analysis and a utopian approach could inform future policy and research. Debates around smart/intelligent/data mobilities and the IoT – including policy debates – tend to be dominated by motorized modes such as autonomous and networked cars. This article explores the implications of this for more sustainable and active modes such as cycling, both for current policies and for utopian thinking. It draws on literature concerned with utopian thinking, mobilities studies and critical data studies. The methodology combines a content analysis and a visual analysis of the EC policy documents with creating text and images for utopian future versions of these documents. The results show the heavy automotive focus of EC IoT policy documents and suggest an alternative bicycle-focussed IoT utopia. The conclusion facilitates a debate around utopian societies where smart cycling products, infrastructure, policy and funding facilitate sustainable, active and data-responsible mobility at scale. This challenges the current continuation of automobile cultures in smart mobility and IoT policy discourses, and the data and associated power asymmetries between cars and cycling that highlight the significance of this research.

ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt; Frauke Behrendt. Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things. Mobilities 2019, 15, 81 -105.

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt, Frauke Behrendt. Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things. Mobilities. 2019; 15 (1):81-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt; Frauke Behrendt. 2019. "Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things." Mobilities 15, no. 1: 81-105.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Sustainability
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This article asks how cycling, a sustainable form of urban mobility, is discussed in the context of smart cities and the Internet of Things in European Commission (EC) policy documents, and how this compares to discussions around cars. Sustainable forms of transport, such as cycling, are a key issue for cities across the globe, including smart cities, while transport is increasingly becoming part of the Internet of Things (IoT). This article contributes to an understanding of how cars and bicycles are discussed in this context. To do so, 39 relevant EC policy documents (2014–2018) were identified and examined through keyword searches and rigorous document analysis. The results show how the vast majority of policy discussions in this area revolve around cars (including autonomous cars and smart vehicles), while cycling is hardly considered, with a strong affinity between IoT and cars. In addition, recent EC policy debates take place more around IoT than around Smart Cities, while sustainability is not considered much in the IoT context. The conclusion highlights the implications of sustainable urban modes of transport such as cycling being absent from IoT/smart debates, including lack of policy visibility and funding opportunities, underlining the significance of this research, and it also makes policy suggestions for addressing these issues and for future research.

ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt. Cycling the Smart and Sustainable City: Analyzing EC Policy Documents on Internet of Things, Mobility and Transport, and Smart Cities. Sustainability 2019, 11, 763 .

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt. Cycling the Smart and Sustainable City: Analyzing EC Policy Documents on Internet of Things, Mobility and Transport, and Smart Cities. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt. 2019. "Cycling the Smart and Sustainable City: Analyzing EC Policy Documents on Internet of Things, Mobility and Transport, and Smart Cities." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 763.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
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This paper reports on a review of the European literature about the impacts of having an electrically-assisted bike available to use, together with results from a trial in the UK city of Brighton, where 80 employees were loaned an electrically-assisted bike for a 6–8 week period. In the Brighton trial, three-quarters of those who were loaned an e-bike used them at least once a week. Across the sample as a whole, average usage was in the order of 15– 20 miles per week, and was accompanied by an overall reduction in car mileage of 20%. At the end of the trial, 38% participants expected to cycle more in the future, and at least 70% said that they would like to have an e-bike available for use in the future, and would cycle more if this was the case. This is consistent with the results of the European literature which shows that when e-bikes are made available, they get used; that a proportion of e-bike trips typically substitutes for car use; and that many people who take part in trials become interested in future e-bike use, or cycling more generally

ACS Style

S. Cairns; F. Behrendt; D. Raffo; C. Beaumont; Chris Kiefer. Electrically-assisted bikes: Potential impacts on travel behaviour. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2017, 103, 327 -342.

AMA Style

S. Cairns, F. Behrendt, D. Raffo, C. Beaumont, Chris Kiefer. Electrically-assisted bikes: Potential impacts on travel behaviour. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2017; 103 ():327-342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Cairns; F. Behrendt; D. Raffo; C. Beaumont; Chris Kiefer. 2017. "Electrically-assisted bikes: Potential impacts on travel behaviour." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 103, no. : 327-342.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2017 in Mobilities
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ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt. Why cycling matters for electric mobility: towards diverse, active and sustainable e-mobilities. Mobilities 2017, 13, 64 -80.

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt. Why cycling matters for electric mobility: towards diverse, active and sustainable e-mobilities. Mobilities. 2017; 13 (1):64-80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt. 2017. "Why cycling matters for electric mobility: towards diverse, active and sustainable e-mobilities." Mobilities 13, no. 1: 64-80.

Chapter
Published: 07 March 2017 in A NIME Reader
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The new field of mobile music emerges at the intersection of ubiquitous computing, portable audio technology and NIME. We have held a series of international workshop on this topic with leading projects and speakers, in order to establish a community and stimulate the development of the field. In this report, we define mobile music, and map out the field by reporting on the workshop series and accounting for the state-of-the-art.

ACS Style

Lalya Gaye; Lars Erik Holmquist; Frauke Behrendt; Atau Tanaka. 2006: Mobile Music Technology: Report on an Emerging Community. A NIME Reader 2017, 253 -265.

AMA Style

Lalya Gaye, Lars Erik Holmquist, Frauke Behrendt, Atau Tanaka. 2006: Mobile Music Technology: Report on an Emerging Community. A NIME Reader. 2017; ():253-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lalya Gaye; Lars Erik Holmquist; Frauke Behrendt; Atau Tanaka. 2017. "2006: Mobile Music Technology: Report on an Emerging Community." A NIME Reader , no. : 253-265.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Journal of Transport Geography
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This article develops the concept of “smart velomobility” that is concerned with networked practices, systems and technologies of cycling. The concept draws on velomobility, Smart Mobility/Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Smart Cities and the Internet of Things (IoT). The article presents results from an empirical study, where 80 riders of a networked fleet of e-bikes discuss their experience of smart velomobility. The results show how digital and physical mobilities merge, the way riders of the networked fleet interact with the data, how they share the data and how they feel tracked (privacy). The conclusion sketches out future research of “smart velomobilities” and also points out the policy and innovation potential of cycling as active, sustainable and networked mode of transport in the context of Smart Cities and the Internet of Things

ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt. Why cycling matters for Smart Cities. Internet of Bicycles for Intelligent Transport. Journal of Transport Geography 2016, 56, 157 -164.

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt. Why cycling matters for Smart Cities. Internet of Bicycles for Intelligent Transport. Journal of Transport Geography. 2016; 56 ():157-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt. 2016. "Why cycling matters for Smart Cities. Internet of Bicycles for Intelligent Transport." Journal of Transport Geography 56, no. : 157-164.

Research article
Published: 01 March 2016 in IET Intelligent Transport Systems
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The smart e-bike monitoring system (SEMS) is a platform for the real-time acquisition of usage data from electrically-assisted bikes (also called pedelecs or e-bikes). It is autonomous (runs off the bike battery), replicable (open source and open hardware), scalable (different fleet sizes) and modular (sensors can be added), so it can be used for further research and development. The system monitors location (global positioning system), rider control data (level of assistance) and other custom sensor input in real time. The SEMS data feeds an online interface for data analysis, for riders to view their own data and for sharing on social media. The basic system can be replicated by other researchers and can be extended with modules to explore various issues in e-bike research. The source code and hardware design are publicly available, under the General Public License, for non-commercial use. SEMS was implemented on 30 bikes and collected data during 10 months of real-word trials in the UK. This study details the design and implementation of the hardware and software, discusses the system use and explores features for future design iterations. The SEMS turns singular e-bikes into a networked fleet and is an example of the internet of things in the cycling context.

ACS Style

Chris Kiefer; Frauke Behrendt. Smart e‐bike monitoring system: real‐time open source and open hardware GPS assistance and sensor data for electrically‐assisted bicycles. IET Intelligent Transport Systems 2016, 10, 79 -88.

AMA Style

Chris Kiefer, Frauke Behrendt. Smart e‐bike monitoring system: real‐time open source and open hardware GPS assistance and sensor data for electrically‐assisted bicycles. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2016; 10 (2):79-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Kiefer; Frauke Behrendt. 2016. "Smart e‐bike monitoring system: real‐time open source and open hardware GPS assistance and sensor data for electrically‐assisted bicycles." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 10, no. 2: 79-88.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in Journal of Transport & Health
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ACS Style

Sally Cairns; Frauke Behrendt; David Raffo; Clare Harmer. A24 Electrically-assisted bikes: understanding the health potential. Journal of Transport & Health 2015, 2, S17 .

AMA Style

Sally Cairns, Frauke Behrendt, David Raffo, Clare Harmer. A24 Electrically-assisted bikes: understanding the health potential. Journal of Transport & Health. 2015; 2 (2):S17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sally Cairns; Frauke Behrendt; David Raffo; Clare Harmer. 2015. "A24 Electrically-assisted bikes: understanding the health potential." Journal of Transport & Health 2, no. 2: S17.

Book chapter
Published: 01 March 2014 in The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies, Volume 2
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This chapter examines how mobile media and sound are experienced and in particular how locative technologies such as GPS can be used for the creative sonification of mobility. The detailed analysis of a piece of mobile sound art combines sound studies and media studies perspectives to frame the ethnographic fieldwork. The headphones worn in the piece act as a form of acoustic picture frame that enables participants to reflect upon their experience of the piece, and also upon their everyday mobile media use such as listening to MP3s or using mobile phones. The chapter argues that participation in the piece creates a new hybrid sonic architecture, one that is temporal, embedded and embodied. Some of the key mobile sound themes articulated in interviews with participants and the artist include the friction experienced between different media and sound spaces, as well as the role of walking and sound for experiencing or controlling interactions with urban space. These themes are discussed in light of Michel de Certeau’s analysis of spatial practices in urban space.

ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt. Creative Sonification of Mobility and Sonic Interaction with Urban Space. The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies, Volume 2 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt. Creative Sonification of Mobility and Sonic Interaction with Urban Space. The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies, Volume 2. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt. 2014. "Creative Sonification of Mobility and Sonic Interaction with Urban Space." The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Music Studies, Volume 2 , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2014 in Sound der Zeit
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ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt. Klingeling … klingeling … klingeling … Telefon! Zur Kulturgeschichte des Klingeltons. Sound der Zeit 2014, 555 -560.

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt. Klingeling … klingeling … klingeling … Telefon! Zur Kulturgeschichte des Klingeltons. Sound der Zeit. 2014; ():555-560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt. 2014. "Klingeling … klingeling … klingeling … Telefon! Zur Kulturgeschichte des Klingeltons." Sound der Zeit , no. : 555-560.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2012 in Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies
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This article develops an alternative perspective to the visual bias in locative media discourses by focusing on the role of sound in locative media and related discussions. This sonic perspective allows us to understand the temporal, situated and embodied aspects of locative media. Informed by debates from sound studies and mobile media studies, a locative smart phone application where users experience specific sounds depending on their locations, is discussed. The concept of ‘Placed Sounds’ is introduced for a more detailed analysis of locative sound experiences. A framework for analysis is developed to discuss how locative sound engages with the auditory aspects of our spatial perception, how immersion operates for locative media and sound, and also to consider the role of situated experience, the role of walking as remixing, and how agency and exclusion operate in locative sound. This framework explains how walking operates in terms of interacting with locative media, and how we experience being immersed in physical and media contexts at once via sound.

ACS Style

Frauke Behrendt; Frauke Behrendt. The sound of locative media. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 2012, 18, 283 -295.

AMA Style

Frauke Behrendt, Frauke Behrendt. The sound of locative media. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. 2012; 18 (3):283-295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frauke Behrendt; Frauke Behrendt. 2012. "The sound of locative media." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 18, no. 3: 283-295.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2008 in Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual CHI conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '08
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ACS Style

Davide Rocchesso; Patrick Susini; Yon Visell; Stefania Serafin; Frauke Behrendt; Nicola Bernardini; Roberto Bresin; Gerhard Eckel; Karmen Franinović; Thomas Hermann; Sandra Pauletto. Sonic interaction design. Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual CHI conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '08 2008, 3969 -3972.

AMA Style

Davide Rocchesso, Patrick Susini, Yon Visell, Stefania Serafin, Frauke Behrendt, Nicola Bernardini, Roberto Bresin, Gerhard Eckel, Karmen Franinović, Thomas Hermann, Sandra Pauletto. Sonic interaction design. Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual CHI conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '08. 2008; ():3969-3972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Rocchesso; Patrick Susini; Yon Visell; Stefania Serafin; Frauke Behrendt; Nicola Bernardini; Roberto Bresin; Gerhard Eckel; Karmen Franinović; Thomas Hermann; Sandra Pauletto. 2008. "Sonic interaction design." Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual CHI conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '08 , no. : 3969-3972.