While higher education, science, and industry have become key factors in the national and economic growth of a country, they perhaps act as independent performers. This paper aims to describe the development of innovative commercialization activities based on the dissemination of innovations in the fields of research, education, and business. The present research, using empirical studies as its research method, first reviewed the current worldwide status of research studies to see their contribution to knowledge transfer. Second, it portrayed the results of an online survey of 100 respondents studying and teaching or researching at Kazakhstani universities to better understand the innovative research activities and motivations of and barriers to the research and development (R&D) in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of the proposed approach are presented in the case of Kazakhstani researchers. Based on such findings, some recommendations are made for better Kazakhstani education, industry, and science alignment so that research in this country can have a greater impact on economic growth.

The accelerated development of economies is not possible without the introduction of innovation and the development of the country's scientific and research potential. The scientific and innovative system, represented by the subjects of the relationship, which directly affect the development of the scientific and innovative potential of the country. The end product of the system is the commercialization of research and development activities. The process of technology commercialization itself is a specific project, nevertheless, project management tools are applicable for it, but taking into account the specifics of innovation and with a high risk of failure. The article examines the main problems and barriers to the commercialization of technologies by conducting a sociological survey of participants in the innovation system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the survey was to obtain a holistic picture of the modern situations of the innovation system of Kazakhstan with an attempt to identify the main problems, both in the system as a whole, and in the process in particular. The respondents were direct participants in technology commercialization projects. Also, the article considered the problem of ensuring the educational approach of direct participants in innovative activities. The problem of the low level of education and the degradation of the education system is rising, which directly affects the country's innovation system. On the basis of the work done, recommendations were received on improving the innovation system and the corresponding project approach to the commercialization of technologies.

The presented literature review contains the results of the analysis of scientific articles for 2000-2026 years, considering the use of blast furnace slag in various areas of road construction. It has been established that there are clear differences between the application options for different types of blast furnace slag. Air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) is more often used as a coarse or fine aggregate for cement concrete and asphalt concrete, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is used as an additional binder or as a mineral/reactive filler. When using blast furnace slag in the production of concrete, the highest results in a number of studies were achieved when replacing 20-40% of the aggregate with slag, although this indicator was not a universal optimal value. In some articles, it was pointed out that the use of blast furnace slag as part of the base of a highway or for soil stabilization was associated with an increase in CBR. Some authors point to a reduction in the consumption of Portland cement when using complex binders containing granular blast furnace slag. Data on the improvement of water resistance, fatigue resistance, Marshall stability, and rutting resistance of asphalt concrete with the introduction of ACBFS and GGBFS in various proportions are also presented. Pretreatment of porous ACBFS was also important: selective crushing and related separation methods reduced water absorption, crushing value, and the proportion of weak porous particles. The main practical conclusion is that BFS should not be treated as a single interchangeable material. Its use should be selected according to slag type, particle quality, the component being replaced, and the required pavement property. Further studies should examine whether improvements achieved by slag pretreatment at the aggregate level are retained in concrete, asphalt mixtures, and pavement-base materials under long-term service conditions.

Carrying out a series of fundamental studies in the field of physicochemical analysis, based on an approach that considers the phase state of alloys and accounts for the regular patterns of interaction of substances in multicomponent ores that are complex in both chemical and phase composition, makes it possible to formulate a number of scientifically substantiated practical recommendations. The aim of this work is to assess the degree of zinc sublimation from a magnesium alloy through the behavior of the Bjerrum–Guggenheim osmotic coefficient and the degree of dissociation of the congruent compound. The paper presents a method for processing phase equilibrium lines in a temperature–composition phase diagram, resulting in mathematical expressions for the liquidus and solidus lines on a unified analytical basis in the form of a semi-empirical dependence derived from the Schröder–Le Chatelier equation. Indirectly, through the Bjerrum–Guggenheim osmotic coefficient, the degree of dissociation of MgZn₂ in the Mg–Zn system was determined to range from 17% to 46%. This result is in good agreement with the conclusions of Nikolay Semyonovich Kurnakov regarding the degree of dissociation of congruent compounds inferred from the shape of the maximum on phase diagrams. For MgZn₂, this maximum is very smooth, i.e., the composition of the liquid phase changes continuously with deviation from stoichiometry, resulting in a symmetrical rounded peak. An experimental study was carried out using a SEM/EDS analytical complex to confirm the high volatility of zinc. The key zinc-concentrating phases were identified in the investigated processing products (slag, metal, and dust), which is consistent with the theoretical premises and explains the mechanism of zinc behavior during high-temperature processing of zinc-containing slags. The form of zinc occurrence in different phases was established. In the initial slag, the zinc content reaches 51.79%. In the metallic phase, zinc is detected as fine dispersed inclusions. In the collected dust (flue ducts), particles enriched in zinc up to 44.09 wt.% were identified.