In order to study the effect of hydrated phase change materials on the suppression of spontaneous combustion in coal, a thermogravimetric experiment and a reaction activation energy analysis experiment were conducted to explore the changes in the combustion characteristic parameters, characteristic temperature, and activating energy of gas coal, long-flame coal, meagre coal, and lean coal before and after adding hydrated phase change materials. The research results indicated that hydrated phase change materials increased the characteristic temperature point of the coal samples and had effective inhibitory effects on different stages of the oxidation process. However, the effect was best at low temperatures, as hydrated phase change materials undergo phase change and absorb heat when heated at low temperatures, isolating coal from contact with oxygen. The activating energy increased by 1.138–23.048 KJ·mol⁻¹ and the mass loss was reduced by 1.6%–9.3% after inhibition of the coal samples, indicating that the oxidation rate of the various coal samples was slowed down and, thus, spontaneous combustion can be suppressed through the use of hydrated phase change materials. At the same time, this material reduced the combustibility indices of meagre coal and lean coal, as well as the comprehensive combustion indices of long-flame coal and gas coal.

This paper proposes a resilience assessment model for irregular intersections that combines conflict analysis, channelization conditions, and traffic operational data to identify turning movements with high cascading-failure potential. Turning movements are the basic analytical unit. A channelization-weighted conflict matrix captures coupling among traffic flows by incorporating signal phase separation and lane function allocation. A CLI (Conflict Load Index) integrates the weighted conflict degree, a saturation correction factor, and expert risk scores to rank turning movements by cascading-failure risk. Three failure scenarios are compared: random failure, descending conflict-degree failure, and descending CLI failure. A failure propagation probability function based on weighted conflict-degree load distribution is paired with a resilience loss index that quantifies cumulative intersection capacity loss during failure propagation. The model is applied to the irregular intersection near Donggang Passenger Station. Among 16 turning movements, R2-T2, R4-T2, R5-T2, and R1-T1 have the four highest CLI values and form the high-risk set. The high-saturation movement R5-T2 (saturation 0.738) rises to rank 3 in the revised model, three positions higher than in the topology-only model, reflecting its risk level under actual traffic conditions. Sensitivity analysis shows that the relative ranking of the three failure modes is consistent across all parameter combinations, confirming the robustness of the conclusions. The model provides a quantitative basis for resilience diagnosis, risk early warning, and improvement planning at irregular intersections.

To address the challenges of rapid water loss and insufficient long-term inhibition efficiency of conventional inhibitors in the high-temperature environments of deep goafs, a novel, environmentally friendly Deep Eutectic Inhibitor (DEI) was synthesized. This DEI utilizes citric acid (Ca) and proline (Pr) as the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, respectively, with ascorbic acid (VC) and propyl gallate (PG) serving as antioxidants. A moisture retention evaluation model based on Fick’s law of diffusion was established to systematically investigate the liquid-domain stability of the DEI across a temperature range of 30 °C to 120 °C. The results demonstrate that the DEI exhibits superior moisture retention capabilities under high-temperature conditions, with the relative moisture retention peaking in the 80–110 °C range. Mechanistically, the formation of a robust hydrogen bond network effectively counteracts moisture evaporation driven by thermal kinetic energy. Furthermore, the DEI demonstrated significant inhibition effects on four coal samples with varying degrees of metamorphism. Tests on oxidative heat release characteristics revealed that DEI treatment delayed the initial oxidation temperature of the coal. Kinetic analysis further indicated that during the critical oxidation stage (200–300 °C), the apparent activation energy of the treated coal samples increased by 10.28–18.9 kJ/mol, effectively suppressing the spontaneous combustion process. This study contributes to the development of high-efficiency and eco-friendly fire prevention materials for coal mines.