Background: Povidone, a synthetic polymer commonly used in various products such as antiseptics, cosmetics, and medications, has been associated with allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Despite its widespread use, cases of povidone-induced anaphylaxis, especially in children, are under-recognized. This case report aims to highlight the importance of considering povidone allergy in pediatric patients presenting with anaphylaxis. Case Presentation: We describe a 3-year-old boy who experienced anaphylaxis following the application of povidone–iodine antiseptic solution to a leg wound. He presented with generalized urticaria, angioedema, dyspnea, and cough. Prompt diagnosis and management were initiated in the emergency department. He experienced the second anaphylaxis with povidone-containing eye drops prescribed during an ophthalmology visit. Conclusions: Povidone allergy should be considered in pediatric patients presenting with anaphylaxis, especially those with idiopathic reactions or multiple drug allergies. Clinicians should emphasize patient education on label reading and the provision of adrenaline autoinjectors to prevent life-threatening reactions associated with povidone exposure.

Postpartum depression is a common maternal mental health problem. This study aimed to compare postpartum depression risk among mothers of healthy infants, mothers of infants evaluated as outpatients, and mothers of hospitalized infants, and to identify factors independently associated with elevated risk. This cross-sectional study included 240 mothers of infants aged 1–3 months recruited from three clinical settings at a single children's hospital. Postpartum depression risk was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS >12). Associated factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 120 mothers of healthy infants, 61 mothers of infants evaluated as outpatients, and 59 mothers of hospitalized infants were included. Overall, 30.4% of participants had elevated postpartum depression risk. The proportion with elevated risk differed significantly across the three groups (chi-square test, p=0.020): 44.1% among mothers of hospitalized infants, versus 28.3% among mothers of healthy infants and 21.3% among mothers of infants evaluated as outpatients. In multivariable analysis, infant hospitalization (adjusted OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.09–4.56), having more than three children (OR=5.27, 95% CI 2.02–14.54), lower self-reported marital satisfaction (OR=6.75, 95% CI 2.45–20.71), and smoking during pregnancy (OR=2.95, 95% CI 1.19–7.46) were independently associated with elevated risk. Infant hospitalization, lower self-reported marital satisfaction, having more than three children, and smoking during pregnancy were independently associated with elevated postpartum depression risk. Routine psychosocial assessment during postpartum follow-up may facilitate early identification of mothers requiring additional support.

Background: Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is generally considered a benign and self-limited condition; however, both its natural course and the impact of management strategies on prognosis remain controversial. Data on modifiable factors influencing tolerance acquisition are limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 180 infants with cow’s milk-induced FPIAP. Clinical characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes were analysed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with delayed tolerance, and Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate time to tolerance. Results: Tolerance was achieved in 91.2% of infants, with a median time from diagnosis to tolerance of 31.1 weeks. In multivariable logistic regression, multi-food elimination at presentation (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.02–6.54; p = 0.046) and a longer interval from diagnosis to reintroduction (OR per week, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.14; p = 0.022) were independently associated with delayed tolerance. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower odds of delayed tolerance in univariable analysis but not after adjustment. In unadjusted time-to-event analyses, observation-first management was associated with earlier tolerance acquisition (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22–0.62; p < 0.001), whereas multiple food allergy was associated with a lower probability of tolerance acquisition over time (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41–0.88; p = 0.009). Feeding modality also showed an unadjusted temporal association with tolerance acquisition, with exclusively breastfed infants demonstrating a more favorable pattern than formula-fed infants. Conclusions: The course of FPIAP appears to be influenced not only by clinical characteristics but also by management strategies. Delayed reintroduction and multi-food elimination were associated with later tolerance, while observation-first management was associated with earlier tolerance acquisition. These findings suggest that commonly used strategies such as prolonged elimination or delayed reintroduction may warrant reconsideration in selected infants and support a more individualized and less restrictive approach to management.

Background: Childhood asthma is clinically heterogeneous, yet simple clinical approaches for describing concurrent disease burden are limited. We tested whether a two-axis phenotype matrix—built from early-onset and/or high-burden wheeze and atopic load—is associated cross-sectionally with treatment-defined severity and control in school-aged children with asthma. This exploratory, unvalidated classification requires prospective external validation before clinical use. Methods: In a two-center retrospective cross-sectional study, 337 children aged 6–12 years with physician-confirmed asthma were classified into four clinical strata (low-burden, familial/atopic-dominant, wheeze-dominant, atopic-wheezing). The primary outcome was moderate-to-severe asthma, defined by controller treatment step and deliberately independent of acute events. Variables independently associated with the outcomes were identified using multivariable logistic regression with prespecified sensitivity analyses; trends across ordered wheezing-onset categories were assessed using the Cochran–Armitage trend test, adjusted associations were confirmed by likelihood-ratio tests, and secondary outcomes were false-discovery-rate corrected. Results: The atopic-wheezing stratum was the largest group (140/337, 41.5%) and carried the highest burden: moderate-to-severe asthma 49.3% vs. 17.4% in low-burden and uncontrolled asthma 42.1% vs. 13.0% (both q < 0.01). Adverse outcomes were generally more frequent with earlier wheezing onset (moderate-to-severe asthma 26.9% to 57.9% from no early wheeze to onset ≤ 12 months; p for trend <0.001). After adjustment, the atopic-wheezing stratum had the largest adjusted odds ratios for both moderate-to-severe asthma (aOR 4.49, 95% CI 1.91–10.54) and uncontrolled asthma (aOR 4.78, 95% CI 1.85–12.35), and remained significant across all sensitivity analyses. Passive smoke exposure was independently associated with uncontrolled asthma (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.13–3.05) but not severity. The FEV1/FVC z-score differed significantly across strata and was lowest in the atopic-wheezing group (median z-score −1.28 vs. +0.10 in low-burden; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The co-occurrence of high atopic load with early-onset or high-burden wheezing defined the clinical stratum with the highest observed treatment requirement and poorest control, using only routine history and standard allergy work-up. Passive smoke exposure was independently associated with uncontrolled asthma.