For the first time, a technology for cooling the intake air of a gas turbine based on supersonic movement of compressed air is proposed. An increase in the outside air temperature leads to a decrease in the mass flow rate of air, and the efficiency and output power of the gas turbine are reduced. The article analyzes various gas turbine cooling systems, shows their advantages and disadvantages. It is shown that only 37 % of the intake air is spent on combustion, most of it is used to cool the heated parts of the gas turbine, which predetermines a decrease in turbine power at high outside air temperatures. It is noted that gas turbines, along with energy facilities, are increasingly occupying positions in the systems of gas collection, transportation, and gas-lift oil production at offshore fields. Only at the Neft Dashlary and Guneshli fields, developed in the Caspian Sea, 34 gas turbines with a total capacity of 232 MW are operated, which decreases by 32.0 MW at an ambient temperature of 40 °C. A design of a cooler for a specific turbine based on the air-to-air principle with 24 copper tubes with Laval nozzles mounted in the inlet section has been developed. A gas-dynamic calculation of the movement of air compressed in an additionally installed compressor through the tubes has been performed. A decrease in air temperature by 89 °C (from plus 45 °C to minus 44 °C) has been noted, which makes it possible to use this temperature to cool the main air flow sucked in from the environment. The design is free from the disadvantages associated with the use of water, is technologically simple, less capital-intensive, is safer due to the low operating pressure of 3 bar and is easily reconstructed by replacing the nozzles and changing the length and number of cooling tubes. The parasitic power of the proposed technology is 2 times lower than for mechanical air-cooled chillers. The technology is universal and can be used for a gas turbine of any power and under all climatic conditions. Bibl. 13, Fig. 2.

The article considers the issues of forecasting the conditions of hydrate formation during transportation of natural gas through subsea gas pipelines and methods for eliminating multi-stage complications. For the first time, a theoretical interpretation of the newly developped technology of cascade-shock-wave elimination of complete blockage of a gas pipeline by a hydrate plug is proposed and its practical implementation is described. The specificity of hydrate formation in offshore subsea gas pipelines and the unsuitability of methods developed for gas pipelines on land in marine conditions are noted. Additional factors influencing the processes of hydrate formation and methods for their elimination are indicated, a colder temperature at the depth of the gas pipeline, the impossibility of using, unlike on land, additional devices for measuring pressure and temperature along the pipeline. The author's systematization of the stages of hydrate formation in the main subsea gas pipeline, the corresponding methods for predicting the level of risk and eliminating emerging problems are given. The mathematical models and theoretical nuances of the proposed cascade-shock-wave technology, consisting of cyclic supply of high-pressure gas to a gas pipeline that was stopped due to hydrate blockage and then emptied, are considered. As a result of the analysis of the processes of high-pressure gas movement, it was revealed that each subsequent compression pulse, propa-gating with an ever-increasing speed of sound through the already heated gas, will catch up with the previous ones, forming a shock wave front. Natural constrictions of low sections of the pipeline due to accumulation of condensate perform the functions of nozzles, repeatedly passing through which gas flows acquire velocities exceeding the speed of sound. The procedure for carrying out an operation to eliminate a hydrate plug on a real gas pipeline is described, calculations of temperature conditions at the point of contact with the hydrate plug are carried out, the dependence of the temperature at the point of contact on the pressure of high-pressure gas supply to the gas pipeline is determined. In connection with the short-term (several seconds) although quite high heating of the plane of contact with the hydrate plug, it is justified to conduct several cycles of high-pressure gas supply to the emergency gas pipeline. The developed and tested cascade-shock-wave technology for eliminating the complete hydrate blockage of an underwater marine gas pipeline is based on the combined effect of thermal heating of the hydrate plug due to the increase in temperature in the plane of contact due to the formation of a supersonic flow and a dynamic wave gas flow. Bibl. 15, Tab. 1, Fig. 2.

В представленной статье рассмотрены вопросы глубокого охлаждения природного газа и его очистки от вредных компонентов и жидкой фазы. На основе технических возможностей, создаваемых соплом Лаваля для отделения свободной и парообразной жидкости, содержащейся в газе, приведены сведения о создании и применении в последние годы газодинамических сепараторов ведущими компаниями мира, а также отечественными учеными. Целью излагаемого в статье исследования является глубокое охлаждение природного газа за счет сверхзвукового движения для очистки на газораспределительной станции (ГРС), направляемого населению и прочим бытовых потребителям газа, от жидкости и вредных компонентов. Проанализированы технологические процессы и комплексы оборудования, созданные с использованием сверхзвукового движения природного газа, определены их преимущества и недостатки, а также дано их объяснение Ұсынылған мақалада табиғи газды терең салқындату және оны зиянды компоненттер мен сұйық фазадан тазарту мәселелері қарастырылған. Газ құрамындағы еркін және бу фазалы сұйықтықты бөлу үшін Лаваль сопласының техникалық мүмкіндіктеріне сүйене отырып, соңғы жылдары әлемдік жетекші компаниялар мен отандық ғалымдар жасаған газдинамикалық сепараторларды құру және қолдану туралы мәліметтер берілген. Мақалада баяндалған зерттеудің мақсаты – газ тарату станциясында (ГТС) халыққа және басқа тұрмыстық тұтынушыларға жеткізілетін газды сұйықтық пен зиянды компоненттерден тазарту үшін табиғи газды супердыбыстық қозғалыс арқылы терең салқындату. Супердыбыстық қозғалыс қолданылған табиғи газдың технологиялық процестері мен жабдық кешендері талданған, олардың артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері анықталып, түсіндірмесі берілген This study investigates the deep cooling of natural gas and its purification from harmful components and liquid phases. Utilizing the technical capabilities of the Laval nozzle to separate free and vapor-phase liquids present in the gas, recent developments and applications of gas-dynamic separators by leading international companies and domestic researchers are reviewed. The primary objective of this research is to achieve deep cooling of natural gas through supersonic flow, enabling effective removal of liquids and harmful components at gas distribution stations (GDS) for supply to the population and other domestic consumers. Technological processes and equipment systems developed based on supersonic natural gas flow are analyzed, with their advantages and limitations identified and discusse

Reliable combustion is essential for the efficient and reliable operation of aging offshore gas motor compressors fueled by associated petroleum gas (APG). This study investigated the combined influence of fuel composition, scavenging-air pressure, and compressor loading on combustion stability under real industrial conditions. Operational data were obtained from four low-speed 10GKNAM gas motor compressors operating on APG with elevated heavy-hydrocarbon content. Fuel composition was determined by gas chromatography, while combustion stability was evaluated using exhaust-gas temperatures measured in all engine cylinders together with scavenging-air pressure and compressor loading. Two dimensionless diagnostic indicators, the Combustion Stability Index (CSI) and the Temperature Dispersion Coefficient (TDC), were developed using routinely monitored operating parameters, providing a practical combustion-diagnostic approach without additional instrumentation. Although the investigated fuel exhibited increased combustion reactivity, fuel composition did not account for the observed differences in combustion stability because all compressors operated on essentially identical APG. Instead, scavenging-air pressure was identified as the dominant operational factor, whereas higher compressor loading provided an additional stabilizing effect. Increased scavenging-air pressure reduced exhaust-gas temperature dispersion and improved combustion uniformity, whereas the influence of compressor loading became more pronounced under adequate scavenging conditions. The proposed methodology provides a practical basis for quantitative combustion assessment using existing industrial monitoring systems and may support condition-based maintenance, operational optimization, and future development of predictive combustion-diagnostic approaches for aging offshore gas motor compressors.