This paper presents a study on the establishment and the capitalization of a remontant red raspberry crop, the Polka variety, on a privately agricultural land area of 0.2 ha in a crop with a support system in V using a geotextile membrane for soil mulching and the method of micro-irrigation by drip. It has been shown that the annual gross profit is advantageous for diversifying the population incomes of rural areas, and the red raspberry is economically profitable regarding cultivation because the recovery of the invested sum is achieved in a maximum of 5 years after the establishment of the culture. The aim of this paper is to explore the growth and commercialization of red raspberry cultivation on privately owned arable land in rural Romania, emphasizing its potential for productivity and sustainability in the context of the circular economy. This initiative not only delivers substantial profits for investors but also fosters rural development and boosts local income levels. The study demonstrates that this cultivation method of red raspberry, aligned with the principles of the circular economy, enhances sustainability by reducing waste, optimizing resource use, and involving local communities in production cycles.

To ensure soil sustainability, the European Union considers the mitigation of the ecological, social and economic impacts and the prevention of soil degradation, which is the primary source of the ecosystem. In this respect, Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) studies aim to investigate land use at the community level to gather information necessary for the analysis of the interactions between agriculture, environment and rural landscape and to provide estimates of agricultural areas with main crops. According to data from Eurostat, between May and October 2022, through the use of digital techniques, the levels of land coverage and land use, pastures, as well as irrigation management and structural elements in the landscape, were examined on the ground throughout the European Union. Data on the agricultural environment and soil were collected in the georeferenced points belonging to a representative sample by observing and completing the field form. At the level of the southwest region of Romania, the study was based on the inspection of 274 points by taking soil samples to analyze the quality indicators and identify key species of flowering plants. Data on land coverage and use can be used for a variety of environmental and socioeconomic projects in different fields.

Smartphone GNSS metadata remains an underexplored source for evaluating navigation-signal integrity in real-world conditions. We investigated GPS behavior recorded by a Samsung Galaxy A72 smartphone across two European flights (EXP03: Rome–Bucharest, n = 377; EXP10: Bucharest–Lisbon, n = 78) and 275 terrestrial reference photographs (Cabo da Roca, Portugal). A total of 730 photographs were analyzed using a seven-indicator taxonomy, conceptually inspired by Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) principles, covering anti-spoofing, anti-sniffing, and anti-tampering checks. GPS capture rates reached 100% (Timestamp Camera) and 83.3% (native camera) up to 11,439 m WGS84, among the highest EXIF altitude profiles reported to date. Velocity spikes (1560–1875 km/h), one at cruise altitude and one during landing, were indistinguishable from GPS spoofing at the EXIF level, and their physical origin is undetermined. Phantom geolocation was absent in flight (0/442) versus 37.3% on the ground, consistent with GPS constellation visibility as the primary factor. In total, 88% (n = 920) of JPEG files lacked the standard EOI marker, generating false positives in integrity validators. Findings are device-specific, derived from non-independent observations, and require replication before generalizing to other GNSS receivers or latitudes. The framework offers a methodological basis for EXIF integrity analysis relevant to EU AI Act Article 10(3) data quality and UAV precision-agriculture georeferencing.