The widespread use of glyphosate as a herbicide in agriculture can lead to the presence of its residues and metabolites in food for human consumption and thus pose a threat to human health. It has been found that glyphosate reduces energy metabolism in the brain, its amount increases in white muscle fibers. At the same time, the effect of chronic use of glyphosate on the dynamic properties of skeletal muscles remains practically unexplored. The selected biomechanical parameters (the integrated power of muscle contraction, the time of reaching the muscle contraction force its maximum value and the reduction of the force response by 50% and 25% of the initial values during stimulation) of muscle soleus contraction in rats, as well as blood biochemical parameters (the levels of creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione and catalase) were analyzed after chronic glyphosate intoxication (oral administration at a dose of 10 μg/kg of animal weight) for 30 days. Water-soluble C₆₀ fullerene, as a poweful antioxidant, was used as a therapeutic nanoagent throughout the entire period of intoxication with the above herbicide (oral administration at doses of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg). The data obtained show that the introduction of C₆₀ fullerene at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg reduces the degree of pathological changes by 40–45%. Increasing the dose of C₆₀ fullerene to 1 mg/kg increases the therapeutic effect by 55–65%, normalizing the studied biomechanical and biochemical parameters. Thus, C₆₀ fullerenes can be effective nanotherapeutics in the treatment of glyphosate-based herbicide poisoning.

Biomechanical and biochemical changes in the muscle soleus of rats during imitation of hind limbs unuse were studied in the model of the Achilles tendon rupture (Achillotenotomy). Oral administration of water-soluble C₆₀ fullerene at a dose of 1 mg/kg was used as a therapeutic agent throughout the experiment. Changes in the force of contraction and the integrated power of the muscle, the time to reach the maximum force response, the mechanics of fatigue processes development, in particular, the transition from dentate to smooth tetanus, as well as the levels of pro- and antioxidant balance in the blood of rats on days 15, 30 and 45 after injury were described. The obtained results indicate a promising prospect for C₆₀ fullerene use as a powerful antioxidant for reducing and correcting pathological conditions of the muscular system arising from skeletal muscle atrophy.

The development of medical genetics, which took place in the last decade, allows specialists to apply an individual approach to treatment considering the genetic characteristics of the patient Aims: to conduct an analysis of the literature on the development of medical genetics and the use of its directions in diagnosis and treatment, as well as to clarify the ethical aspects of the introduction of genetics tools in medicine Methodology: During the literature review, data analysis and summarization was carried out on the topic of the study using the PubMed medical search engine. The search for literary sources was limited to keywords on the research topic and covered the period 2019-2024. Results: As a result of studying the literature, it was established that today the use of medical genetics methods is a promising direction that opens opportunities for the introduction of personalized medicine. Areas such as sequencing and genomics make it possible to study the structural and functional features of the patient's gene and help predict the development of genetic diseases, while pharmacogenomics and bioinformatics make it possible to model the effect of drugs. Scientific Novelty: During the literature search, it was found that the implementation of medical genetics in treatment and diagnostics creates several issues related to the protection of personal data, as well as imperfect sequencing methods can cause diagnostic errors. It is important to ensure access to medical genetics methods for all population groups. Conclusion: today society is on the threshold of a discovery in medicine, which relates to the introduction of medical genetics tools in diagnosis and treatment. The methods make it possible to treat a specific patient considering genetic characteristics, which improves diagnosis, reduces the side effects of drugs and, in general, improves the results of treatment.

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in modern agriculture. Toxicological studies have demonstrated that chronic glyphosate exposure is associated with the development of systemic disorders, particularly renal injury. Therefore, the search for effective therapeutic approaches to mitigate glyphosate-induced kidney dysfunction remains an important challenge in contemporary biomedicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of C₆₀ fullerenes, as potent antioxidants, on the recovery of renal function following chronic glyphosate intoxication. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats that received glyphosate orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight daily for 16 weeks. Following the cessation of glyphosate exposure, animals in the experimental group were treated with a C₆₀ fullerene aqueous solution (C₆₀FAS) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight daily for two weeks. The animals exhibited elevated blood creatinine and urea concentrations, a reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased fractional excretion of sodium, an electrolyte imbalance, and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase after chronic glyphosate exposure. Therapeutic administration of C₆₀FAS contributed to an average improvement of 20 ± 2% in the investigated biochemical parameters at the end of the experiment, which is consistent with the findings of the histological analysis of kidney tissue. These results demonstrate the pronounced therapeutic effect of C₆₀ fullerenes, attributable to their ability to attenuate oxidative stress and promote the recovery of the filtration, tubular, and metabolic functions of the kidneys following chronic glyphosate intoxication.

The continuous advancement of information technologies and artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic capabilities of modern medicine. These developments offer unprecedented opportunities for analyzing large volumes of clinical data, which form the foundation of personalized medicine and evidence-based clinical practice. This systematic review aims to assess the current state of machine learning implementation in clinical settings, synthesize the experience of applying artificial intelligence algorithms across various medical domains, and identify promising directions for the further evolution of this innovative paradigm. Study design: A systematic analytical review was conducted using scientific literature focused on clinical and experimental studies, as well as on developed and predictive projects in the field of machine learning applications in medicine. Methodology: A comprehensive search and analysis of publications in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases over the past 15 years were performed. A total of 93 original studies were selected, comprising 65 systematic reviews and 28 meta-analyses. Content analysis, systematization, and generalization of empirical data were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in clinical diagnostics. Results: Machine learning algorithms demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in radiology (87–94%), pathology (91–96%), cardiology (83–89%), and oncology (88–93%). Neural networks showed significant advantages in medical image recognition, achieving diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of experienced specialists. The application of algorithms for predicting disease progression proved effective, contributing to the optimization of therapeutic strategies and a reduction in mortality rates by 12–18%. Conclusion: Machine learning is shaping a new paradigm in medical practice by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment protocols, and enabling personalized therapeutic approaches. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies requires a comprehensive strategy that includes the training of healthcare professionals, the development of suitable infrastructure, and the refinement of regulatory frameworks.