Oregano additives could contain growth stimulating compounds for poultry, however, a great variation attributed to their main components is observed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oregano oil dietary supplementation on the productive variables, the height of the intestinal villi and the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in the breast of broilers. In total, 480 broilers were reared from 1 to 42 d of age and since the first day of life were allocated into four treatments, each with four replications of 30 birds. The formulated diet was based on corn and soybean meal and 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg of oregano oil per kg of feed were incorporated in the diets of treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and mortality rates were weekly recorded. At 21 and 42 days of age the intestinal villi height and antioxidant capacity in the chicken breast were measured. Oregano oil used contained 43.17% and 29.16% of thymol and carvacrol, respectively. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion rate and mortality were not affected by oregano oil dietary supplementation. The height of intestinal villi increased with the level of oregano oil supplementation (P<0.05). However, the size of the intestinal villi was greater in the duodenum compared to the other parts (P<0.05), and jejunum and ileum had the same height. Antioxidant capacity of chicken breast at the 6th week was increased in the group that was dietary supplemented with 400 mg of oregano oil per kg of feed.

This study’s objective was to evaluate the effect of the fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on Salmonella typhimurium (ST) to turkey poults using two models of infection. In the prophylactic model, one-day-old turkeys were randomly allocated to one of four different groups (n = 30 turkeys/group): (1) Control group, (2) FSBM group, (3) Control group challenged with ST (Control + ST), and (4) FSBM group challenged with ST (FSBM + ST). On day 9 of age, all poults were orally challenged with 10⁶ colony forming units (CFU) ST and 24 h post-inoculation, intestinal samples were collected to determine ST recovery and morphometric analysis. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d). In the therapeutic model, a similar experimental design was used, but turkeys were orally gavaged 10⁴ CFU ST on day 1, and samples were collected at day 7. FSBM improved performance and reduced leaky gut in both experimental infective models. In the prophylactic model, FSBB induced morphology changes in the mucosa. Although the strains (Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacillus licheniformis) used for the fermentation process showed in vitro activity against ST, no significant effect was observed in vivo. The fermentation with different beneficial bacteria and different inclusion rates of FSBM requires further investigation.

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that commonly affects cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs in many countries. Infection in dogs is usually subclinical, but acute cases of leptospirosis may occur along with systemic failure, which may become fatal. After recovery from an acute infection, dogs may become asymptomatic carriers and shed pathogenic leptospires through urine for long periods of time. Here, a study of ten different cases of leptospirosis is presented, showing the relevance of dogs as asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic Leptospira. The diagnosis was confirmed via isolation and further serological and genetic identification. Four Leptospira isolates (LOCaS28, 31, 34, and 46) were obtained from the kidneys and urine samples of 58 dogs destined for destruction (6.89%) at a Canine Control Center in Mexico City. No spirochetes were observed in the urine samples of those Leptospira-positive dogs examined under dark-field microscopy, and no clinical signs of disease were observed either. Six additional isolates were obtained: two came from asymptomatic carrier dogs (CEL60 and UADY22); another isolate came from an asymptomatic dog that was a pack companion of a clinically ill dog with fatal leptospirosis (AGFA24); and finally, three isolates were taken from dogs that died of leptospirosis (LOCaS59, Citlalli, and Nayar1). Nine out of the ten isolates were identified as being from the serogroup Canicola via cross-absorption MAT using reference strains and specific antisera, and their identity was genetically confirmed as Canicola ST34 via multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST). In contrast, the isolate Nayar1 was identified as serovar Copenhageni ST2. Interestingly, the asymptomatic dogs from which Leptospira isolates were recovered consistently showed high antibody titers in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), revealing values of at least 1:3200 against serogroup Canicola and lower titer values against other serogroups. Isolates showed different virulence levels in the hamster model. Taken as a whole, all these findings confirmed that dogs may act as asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic leptospires and possibly spread them out to the environment, thus representing an active public health risk. The results also showed that the Canicola ST34 clone is the most prevalent Leptospira serovar in dogs in Mexico, and finally that the old-fashioned MAT is a good alternative for the detection of presumptive Leptospira asymptomatic carrier dogs.

Uno de los factores limitantes para la crianza de animales, es la escasez de forraje verde, por lo tanto, una opción es el forraje verde hidropónico. Al cual se le suministra de elementos esenciales a través de una solución nutritiva para mayor resultados. Es importante evaluar la composición química del excremento entero de cuyes, composta y el lixiviado de composta de la cama de explotaciones de Cuyes (Cavia porcellus) para proponerlo como solución nutritiva en la producción de forraje verde hidropónico y la composta restante como enriquecedor de suelos. Las muestras solidas fueron recolectadas en bolsas de polietileno y el lixiviado en frascos de vidrio obscuro. Las muestras de excremento entero fueron tomadas de diferentes lugares de la cama y en la superficie; las muestras de composta fueron obtenidas de diferentes lugares de la cama a 30 cm por abajo de la superficie considerando composta cuando el excremento se encuentre totalmente pulverizado y degradado por acción de los organismos que habitan en la composta. El lixiviado fue pasado cada 12 horas 2 veces al día y durante 5 días, esto para obtener un producto homogéneo y continuo. Las muestras de excremento entero de cuyes, composta y el lixiviado fueron analizados con el método AS-07 Walkley y Black de la NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 por triplicado y un testigo. El contenido del excremento entero de cuyes, composta y lixiviado de composta de materia orgánica fue de 68.4 %, 28.24 % y 36.95 %; de carbono 39.67 %, 16.38 % y 21.43 %; de nitrógeno 3.42 %, 1.41 % y 1.84 % respectivamente. El pH del excremento entero fue de 6.93, composta de 6.03 y del lixiviado de composta de 5.85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37114/abaagrof/2023.1 e2022-12

Fifteen hair Pelibuey ewes were allotted individually to examine the effect of DL-malic acid (MA) supplementation level (0, 2 and 4 g of MA/kg of feed) during the first weeks of lactation on feed intake, milk yield and composition and pre-weaning weight gain of their suckling kids. Milk yield (P = 0.04) and milk efficiency (P = 0.03) increased linearly as MA supplementation increased, but dry matter intake (DMI) and milk composition (percentage of total solids, protein and fat) were not affected (P > 0.05). Increases on milk yield with no effect on milk composition led to a greater (linear effect, P = 0.02) milk protein yield. The ingestion of MA by the ewes resulted in a greater (linear, P < 0.01) average daily gain of their kids. Supplementation with 4 g of DL-ML per kilogram of feed increased milk production, milk protein yield and milk efficiency with no effect on DMI and milk composition. This milk production increase led to a greater daily gain of pre-weaned kids fed with milk as the unique feed source.