Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly tools such as ChatGPT, is transforming education by enhancing self-regulated learning (SRL) and critical thinking skills, two essential competencies in the digital era. This study systematically analyzes the impact of generative AI on these skills using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework to identify, evaluate, and synthesize relevant studies. Document searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from 2022 to 2024, when ChatGPT was first widely adopted. Of the 3,214 documents identified, 557 met the initial screening criteria, and 38 studies were selected for detailed analysis. The findings reveal that 71.4% of studies reported AI’s positive role in SRL, mainly through personalized learning, metacognitive support, and adaptive feedback. Likewise, 62.5% of studies reported its significant role in critical thinking, supporting the process of analysis, evaluation, and reflection. However, researchers cautioned against an overreliance on technology, which one said could take away some students’ ability to think for themselves. Such findings indicate that educational institutions need to change their ways and include generative AI in a model that focuses on areas that foster learner independence. This approach will assist teachers and decision-makers in harnessing the distinctive kitsch of AI technology by creating new learning spaces that are creative and future-oriented.

This study discusses efforts to improve the implementation of remote learning that is not optimal through the development of Virtual Learning using the Problem-Based Learning Model for vocational education students in the learning process of Electrical Lighting Installation at Vocational High School (SMKN) 2 Lubuk Basung, Sumatera Barat Province. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic demands a rapid change in the implementation of learning from face-to-face learning in the classroom to remote learning. This change requires innovations in implementing learning such as media and learning models to ensure optimal learning implementation even though it is carried out remotely. The 4-D development model (Four-D) is applied in this study as a research product development model consisting of 4 stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The instrument used for data collection in the study is a questionnaire for the validity and practicality assessment instrument. The results showed that the virtual learning developed using the Problem-Based Learning Model was valid to be applied in the learning process. After being tested in the learning process, the Virtual Learning developed has been practically used in the learning process to optimize the implementation of learning and improve student learning outcomes. It can be concluded that the Virtual Learning developed with the Problem-Based Learning Model is valid and practical to use in the learning process to optimize the implementation of electric lighting installation learning for vocational education students.

This study discusses the analysis of various variables affecting vocational students' intention to use a Virtual Laboratory (VL) in remote learning. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived usefulness (PU) as exogenous variables. At the same time, attitudes towards VL (A) as an intervening variable. This research was conducted in the learning process of the Power Electronics Practicum for vocational education students. This study involved 105 vocational students from the Industrial Electrical Engineering Study Program, at Universitas Negeri Padang. Research data were analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The study results showed that the exogenous variables (PEU, PU, & A) had a significant and positive effect (directly and indirectly through intervening variables) on vocational students' intentions to use the virtual laboratory to support the implementation of remote learning in the Power Electronics Practicum Course. These factors can be considered in determining the appropriate virtual laboratory application to be applied in the learning process.

The use of augmented reality (AR) technology in the field of education has emerged as a rapidly growing trend. However, there is an urgent need for more comprehensive research to determine the reactions of engineering students and their acceptance of this technology in laboratory learning. This study investigates the acceptance of integrated augmented reality with e-worksheet (IARE-W) among engineering students in the laboratory learning (IARE-W) among engineering students the electrical machines course (EMC). This research empirically uncovers the factors that influence it based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), specifically perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived usefulness (PU). Acceptance is indicated by students’ attitudes toward the use. A survey-based quantitative research study using questionnaires was conducted to collect data, involving 102 students in the field of industrial electrical engineering. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was used to analyze the research data. The results demonstrated that engineering students had a highly positive attitude toward the use of the IARE-W in the EMC. Additionally, both PEU and PU had a positive and significant direct effect on engineering students’ attitudes toward using IARE-W. Furthermore, PEU also had a significant and positive indirect effect through PU as a mediating variable. These findings have significant implications for the development of engineering education and the integration of AR technology in laboratory learning contexts. The results of this study underscore the importance of taking into account PEU and PU in the design, development, and implementation of the IARE-W.

Virtual laboratory (VL) has become increasingly popular in Post-COVID-19 to support practical learning in the remote learning system. The use of VL was responded to by students with different attitudes. This study discusses the factors that influence the perception of Industrial Electrical Engineering (IEE) students in responding to the use of the VL in the learning process of the Electrical Machines Practicum Course. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), students’ attitudes toward using VL (are influenced by perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived usefulness (PU). At the same time, PU also acts as an intervening variable. The research involved IEE students of the Electrical Engineering Department, at Universitas Negeri Padang. Data collection was carried out by survey using a questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using variant-based structural equation modelling (SEM), with partial least square (PLS) or PLS-SEM. The results showed a significant positive effect between PEU and PU from the VL used against A. PU’s role as an intervener was also positive in mediating the effect of PEU on A so it became more prominent. Thus, it can be concluded that PEU and PU are the factors that must be considered in choosing VL to be applied to a practical learning process in the remote learning system.

Mobile-based gamification learning is increasingly popular for enhancing student interest and motivation in the learning process, including its application in evaluating learning outcomes. However, the practicality of its use, from the perspective of students as users, needs further evaluation. This study aims to assess the practicality of mobile-based gamification assessment (M-BGA) in evaluating student learning outcomes in the Electrical Machine Course (EMC). M-BGA was developed using Kahoot! application. A survey-based quantitative research design was employed, using the Practicality Assessment Instrument (PAI) as the data collection tool. The practicality of M-BGA was evaluated based on student assessments after its implementation in an EMC. This research involved 83 second-year students from the Industrial Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia. The results indicate a high level of practicality in several aspects. The Ease of Use aspect scored 92.23% (highly practical), the Reliability aspect scored 89.82% (highly practical), the Student Engagement aspect scored 88.55% (highly practical), and the Learning Impact aspect scored 90.19% (highly useful). Overall, based on student responses, the M-BGA proved to be highly practical in evaluating student learning outcomes in the EMC. M-BGA can serve as an alternative approach for assessing student learning outcomes with an innovative approach.