This article focuses on the role of green and blue infrastructure, including forests, in the context of urban planning and sustainable urban development. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the authors highlight theoretical frameworks on resource management, ethics and efficiency in architecture and construction. The remainder of the paper examines practical strategies for sustainable urban development, including the application of natural solutions and resource-saving systems. The case study shows real-life examples such as the 'Madrid Metropolitan Forest' or applications in Poland, including Sopot, where greenery plays a key role in the quality of life of residents and adaptation to climate change. The article highlights that integrated green urban spaces have benefits on many levels - from energy efficiency to social well-being and public health. The authors point to a growing body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of nature-based solutions in the context of challenges such as urbanisation and climate uncertainty. Long-term integrated urban planning that considers these aspects is key to creating sustainable and resilient cities

This study proposes an integrated approach to the digital documentation and system-level analysis of heritage buildings, combining LiDAR-based data acquisition, H-BIM modelling and DEMATEL analysis. The novelty of the study lies in combining a Scan-to-BIM workflow with DEMATEL-based system analysis in order to identify causal and dependent stages in the heritage building digitisation process. The research was carried out on two heritage buildings in south-eastern Poland: the Church of St Onuphrius in Posada Rybotycka and a wooden manor house from Brzeziny preserved in the ethnographic park in Kolbuszowa. Terrestrial laser scanning was used to acquire high-resolution point clouds of the buildings, which then provided the basis for developing parametric H-BIM models within a Scan-to-BIM workflow. For the church case study, the geometric accuracy of the Scan-to-BIM output was verified by comparing measurements derived from the point cloud with traditional surveying data. The results confirmed the suitability of Scan-to-BIM for heritage documentation, with an average absolute deviation of approximately 7 mm and a maximum deviation not exceeding 31 mm. DEMATEL analysis was used to examine cause–effect relationships between seven stages of the digitisation process and to determine which stages have the greatest influence on subsequent activities. Preliminary assessment, LiDAR scanning and H-BIM modelling were identified as causal stages, while validation, IoT integration, AI-based predictive analysis and digital twin development were classified as effect stages. The study also outlines how H-BIM models may be extended through IoT sensors and AI-based analytics as a basis for future digital twin development.

This article discusses the design of an intergenerational integration centre to support seniors in adapting to a new stage of life in a comfortable and safe environment that fosters social relationships. The role of architecture in combining different functions that facilitate interaction with the environment and strengthen social bonds was highlighted. An analysis of the literature shows a negative impact of loneliness on seniors’ health, emphasising the need to belong to a community. Different lifestyles and forms of activation for seniors, as well as opportunities for integration into the community, were analysed. The results of this study served as the basis for selecting the location and function of the designed building. A detailed analysis of the selected area allowed us to understand its characteristics and environmental features, which made it possible to adapt the building and its surroundings to the needs of the community and promote intergenerational integration. The design considers the needs of seniors and the preferences of the local community, creating spaces that promote mental and physical health. The findings suggest that architecture plays a key role in promoting social interaction and counteracting isolation, which has a positive impact on the well-being of older people.