The need for creative solutions in the real-time monitoring of health is rapidly increasing, especially in light of health incidents in relation to drivers of motor vehicles. A sensor-based health monitoring system provides an integrated mechanism for diagnosing and managing in real time, enabling the detection, prediction, and recommendation of treatment and the prevention of disease onset. The real-time monitoring of driver’s health represents a significant advancement in the assurance of driver safety and well-being. From fitness trackers to advanced biosensors, these devices have not only made healthcare more accessible but have also transformed how people interact with their health data. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically collect and evaluate information from publications on driver health monitoring systems to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on wearable or remote sensor technologies for driver health monitoring. It aims to identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed and suggest future research directions that will help to fill these gaps. This approach involves the topic of vehicle safety and healthcare and will contribute to the advancement of this field. By focusing on the real-time monitoring of health parameters in an automotive context, this review highlights the potential of different types of technologies to bridge the gap between health monitoring and driver safety.

Nowadays, a car’s engine oil change interval is an essential factor in reducing wear. The correct choice depends on various factors. This study analyzes the changes in the composition of three different engine oils (0W30, 5W30, and 5W40) during the generally accepted oil change interval (15,000 km) in gasoline and diesel cars during the post-warranty period. Commercially available low-level biofuel blends (B7 and E10) were used to power test vehicles in a field test. Engine oil samples were taken every 3000 km for more detailed analysis and tested in an accredited laboratory. The contaminants in the engine oil were determined using several testing methods: spectrometric analysis, gas chromatography, etc. Studies have shown that all used cars have an increase in the number of iron particles, an increased concentration of silicon, and also an increase in the number of nickel particles above 12,000 km. Tests also showed a sharp drop of molybdenum anti-friction additives 4.5 times and a gradual increase in fuel concentration for the Opel Insignia over 12,000 km, but over 9000 km, a significant increase in the concentration of chromium particles. Based on this research results, it is preferable to choose a maintenance interval of no more than 12,000 km for cars during the post-warranty period. In this way, the intensity of engine wear can be reduced due to the loss of adequate protective properties of the engine oil.

The addition of hydrogen to diesel engines is increasingly being seen as a promising interim solution to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions without changing the basic architecture of the compression-ignition engine. This study experimentally evaluated the effect of hydrogen addition on the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder AVL 5402 Common Rail diesel engine when hydrogen was supplied via the intake manifold and diesel injection parameters were kept constant. The tests were performed at engine speeds of 1200, 1500, 2000 and 2500 min⁻¹ and loads of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Nm, using a hydrogen mass replacement level of up to 10%. It was found that the addition of hydrogen in many modes increased the maximum cylinder pressure, accelerated the pressure rise, brought the pressure peak earlier and increased engine power, especially at higher loads and speeds. At the same time, fuel consumption decreased in all modes, and CO₂ emissions decreased by 3–22.7%. However, it was found that the addition of hydrogen usually increased NOx emissions; in some modes, it increased particulate and hydrocarbon emissions and extended the total combustion duration due to the reduced oxygen concentration and the formation of a richer mixture. The results showed that the effect of hydrogen on the operation of a diesel engine is strongly dependent on the load and speed; therefore, the benefits of its application can be achieved only under carefully coordinated operating conditions that ensure a favorable compromise between combustion intensification, fuel economy and emission control.