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Dr. Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez
Department of Construction, School of Technology, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain

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0 Climate
0 Meteorology
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Nonparametric Statistics

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Original paper
Published: 29 May 2020 in Aerobiologia
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Cupressaceae pollen is one of the major airborne allergens of the Mediterranean region and in other regions around the world. Pollen production of these species causes considerable allergic problems during winter, being this type of pollen the most abundant in this period of the year. This work aims to relate phenology, meteorology and airborne pollen records in these species. Aerobiological sampling was carried out in Badajoz (SW Spain) from 2016 to 2018 using Hirst-type volumetric sampler. Pollination phenology was studied in 50 specimens, ten of Cupressus macrocarpa, ten of Cupressus arizonica, 15 of Cupressus sempervirens and 15 of Platycladus orientalis with a frequency of 3–4 days on average during the months of January to March. In all cases, five specimens were in the surrounding of pollen station and at least five of them 4 km apart. For phenology, BBCH methodology was used. Daily data for the whole period and hourly data for the last 2 years were analyzed, including pollen records and meteorology. Comparison between pollen records and sources distribution was assessed. Main pollen season lasted on average 91 (89–94) days. In all the years, the peaks of phenology of the different species can be matched with peaks of airborne pollen records, considering that rain can prevent a more precise correspondence.

ACS Style

A. Monroy-Colín; Jose María Maya Manzano; I. Silva-Palacios; R. Tormo-Molina; Raúl Pecero Casimiro; Á. Gonzalo-Garijo; S. Fernández-Rodríguez. Phenology of Cupressaceae urban infrastructure related to its pollen content and meteorological variables. Aerobiologia 2020, 36, 1 -21.

AMA Style

A. Monroy-Colín, Jose María Maya Manzano, I. Silva-Palacios, R. Tormo-Molina, Raúl Pecero Casimiro, Á. Gonzalo-Garijo, S. Fernández-Rodríguez. Phenology of Cupressaceae urban infrastructure related to its pollen content and meteorological variables. Aerobiologia. 2020; 36 (3):1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Monroy-Colín; Jose María Maya Manzano; I. Silva-Palacios; R. Tormo-Molina; Raúl Pecero Casimiro; Á. Gonzalo-Garijo; S. Fernández-Rodríguez. 2020. "Phenology of Cupressaceae urban infrastructure related to its pollen content and meteorological variables." Aerobiologia 36, no. 3: 1-21.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Bioinformatics clustering application for mining of a large set of olive pollen aerobiological data to describe the daily distribution of Olea pollen concentration. The study was performed with hourly pollen concentrations measured during 8 years (2011–2018) in Extremadura (Spain). Olea pollen season by quartiles of the pollen integral in preseason (Q1: 0%–25%), in-season (Q2 and Q3: 25%–75%) and postseason (Q4: 75%–100%). Days with pollen concentrations above 100 grains/m3 were clustered according to the daily distribution of the concentrations. The factors affecting the prevalence of the different clusters were analyzed: distance to olive groves and the moment during the pollen season and the meteorology. During the season, the highest hourly concentrations during the day where between 12:00 and 14:00, while during the preseason the highest hourly concentrations were detected in the afternoon and evening hours. In the postseason the pollen concentrations were more homogeneously distributed during 9-16 h. The representation shows a well-defined hourly pattern during the season, but a more heterogeneous distribution during the preseason and postseason. The cluster dendrogram shows that all the days could be clustered in 6 groups: most of the clusters shows the daily peaks between 11:00 and 15:00 with a smooth curve (Cluster 1 and 3) or with a strong peak (2 and 5). Days included in cluster 9 shows an earlier peak in the morning (before 9:00). On the other hand, cluster 6 shows a peak in the afternoon, after 15:00. Hourly concentrations show a sharper pattern during the season, with the peak during the hours close to the emission. Out of the season, when pollen is expected to come from farther distances, the hourly peak is located later from the emission time of the trees. Significant factors for predicting the hourly pattern were wind speed and direction and the distance to the olive groves.

ACS Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Jose María Maya Manzano; Alejandro Monroy Colín; Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Jeroen Buters; José Oteros. Understanding hourly patterns of Olea pollen concentrations as tool for the environmental impact assessment. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 736, 139363 .

AMA Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Jose María Maya Manzano, Alejandro Monroy Colín, Raúl Pecero-Casimiro, Jeroen Buters, José Oteros. Understanding hourly patterns of Olea pollen concentrations as tool for the environmental impact assessment. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 736 ():139363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Jose María Maya Manzano; Alejandro Monroy Colín; Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Jeroen Buters; José Oteros. 2020. "Understanding hourly patterns of Olea pollen concentrations as tool for the environmental impact assessment." Science of The Total Environment 736, no. : 139363.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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The olive tree (Olea europaea) is a native evergreen tree in the Mediterranean region, being one of the most important causes of seasonal respiratory allergies in Mediterranean countries. This work aims to relate flowering phenology, source tree distribution, meteorology, and airborne pollen records for this species and to analyse the possible arrival of air masses from distant areas during days when differences between the phenological and pollen peaks. Aerobiological sampling was carried out in Badajoz (SW Spain) for 4 years (2016–2019) using a Hirst volumetric sampler. Trees were geolocalized in the city and surrounding areas. The pollination phenology of 15 specimens was studied for four years (2016–2019) during the months from April to June. The daily data for the whole period and the hourly data for the four years, including pollen records and meteorology, were analysed. The comparison between the pollen records and sources distribution was assessed. The main pollen season (thereafter, MPS) lasted an average of 34.5 (29–40) days. Phenological observations indicate that pollination occurred for 26.5 days and was mostly within the period of recorded airborne pollen; however, were days with airborne pollen recorded outside the pollination period. In 2017 the peak day was recorded when the flowering period has reached only the 10%, in other seasons this value reached the maximum peak of pollen concentration was found only a few days after the maximum of flowering. The hourly analysis showed that the maximum pollen concentrations were reached just after noon. The analysis of pollen sources and pollen records showed a close relationship with the predominant winds and tree distributions. The observed discrepancies between phenological and aerobiological data (in 2017 and 2018) were explained by the movement of air masses and long-distance transport.

ACS Style

Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Jose María Maya Manzano; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Raúl Pecero Casimiro; María Ángeles Gonzalo-Garijo; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez. HYSPLIT as an environmental impact assessment tool to study the data discrepancies between Olea europaea airborne pollen records and its phenology in SW Spain. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2020, 53, 126715 .

AMA Style

Alejandro Monroy-Colín, Jose María Maya Manzano, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Raúl Pecero Casimiro, María Ángeles Gonzalo-Garijo, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez. HYSPLIT as an environmental impact assessment tool to study the data discrepancies between Olea europaea airborne pollen records and its phenology in SW Spain. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020; 53 ():126715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Jose María Maya Manzano; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Raúl Pecero Casimiro; María Ángeles Gonzalo-Garijo; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez. 2020. "HYSPLIT as an environmental impact assessment tool to study the data discrepancies between Olea europaea airborne pollen records and its phenology in SW Spain." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 53, no. : 126715.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2020 in Remote Sensing
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Given the rise in the global population and the consequently high levels of pollution, urban green areas, such as those that include plants in the Cupressaceae family, are suitable to reduce the pollution levels, improving the air quality. However, some species with ornamental value are also very allergenic species whose planting should be regulated and their pollen production reduced by suitable pruning. The Aerobiological Index to create Risk maps for Ornamental Trees (AIROT), in its previous version, already included parameters that other indexes did not consider, such as the width of the streets, the height of buildings and the geographical characteristics of cities. It can be considered by working with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data from five urban areas, which were used to create the DEM and DSM (digital elevation and surface models) needed to create one of the parameters. Pollen production is proposed as a parameter (α) based on characteristics and uses in the forms of hedges or trees that will be incorporated into the index. It will allow the comparison of different species for the evaluation of the pruning effect when aerobiological risks are established. The maps for some species of Cupressaceae (Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus macrocarpa, Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressocyparis leylandii and Platycladus orientalis) generated in a GIS (geographic information system) from the study of several functions of Kriging, have been used in cities to identify aerobiological risks in areas of tourist and gastronomic interest. Thus, allergy patients can make decisions about the places to visit depending on the levels of risk near those areas. The AIROT index provides valuable information for allergy patients, tourists, urban planning councillors and restaurant owners in order to structure the vegetation, as well as planning tourism according to the surrounding environmental risks and reducing the aerobiological risk of certain areas.

ACS Style

Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo; Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Juan Francisco Coloma; José María Maya-Manzano. Producing Urban Aerobiological Risk Map for Cupressaceae Family in the SW Iberian Peninsula from LiDAR Technology. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1562 .

AMA Style

Raúl Pecero-Casimiro, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo, Alejandro Monroy-Colín, Juan Francisco Coloma, José María Maya-Manzano. Producing Urban Aerobiological Risk Map for Cupressaceae Family in the SW Iberian Peninsula from LiDAR Technology. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (10):1562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo; Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Juan Francisco Coloma; José María Maya-Manzano. 2020. "Producing Urban Aerobiological Risk Map for Cupressaceae Family in the SW Iberian Peninsula from LiDAR Technology." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10: 1562.

Editorial
Published: 07 January 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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ACS Style

Ramón Sanguino; Ascensión Barroso; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; María Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. Current trends in economy, sustainable development, and energy: a circular economy view. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Ramón Sanguino, Ascensión Barroso, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, María Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. Current trends in economy, sustainable development, and energy: a circular economy view. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramón Sanguino; Ascensión Barroso; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; María Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. 2020. "Current trends in economy, sustainable development, and energy: a circular economy view." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Ornamental trees bring benefits for human health, including reducing urban pollution. However, some species, such as plane trees (Platanus sp.), produce allergenic pollen. Consequently, urban maps are a valuable tool for allergic patients and allergists, but they often fail to include variables that contribute to the “building downwash effect”, such as the width and shape of streets and the height of buildings. Other factors that directly influence pollen dispersion (slopes and other geographical features) also have not traditionally been discussed. The LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) technique enables one to consider these variables with high accuracy. This work proposes an Aerobiological Index to create Risk maps for Ornamental Trees (AIROT) and the establishment of potential areas of risk of exposure to Platanus pollen. LiDAR data from five urban areas were used to create the DEM and DSM (Digital Elevation and Surface Models) needed to perform further analysis. GIS software was used to map the points for each city and to create risk maps by Kriging, with stable (3 cases) and exponential function (2 cases) as the optimal models. In short, the AIROT index was a useful tool to map possible biological risks in cities. Since AIROT allows each city to consider its own characteristics, including geographical specifications, by using remote sensing and geostatistics techniques, the establishment of risk maps and healthy itineraries is valuable for allergic patients, allergists, architects and urban planners. This new aerobiological index provides a new decision-making tool related to urban planning and allergenicity assessment.

ACS Style

Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo; José María Maya-Manzano. Urban aerobiological risk mapping of ornamental trees using a new index based on LiDAR and Kriging: A case study of plane trees. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 693, 133576 .

AMA Style

Raúl Pecero-Casimiro, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Alejandro Monroy-Colín, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo, José María Maya-Manzano. Urban aerobiological risk mapping of ornamental trees using a new index based on LiDAR and Kriging: A case study of plane trees. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 693 ():133576.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo; José María Maya-Manzano. 2019. "Urban aerobiological risk mapping of ornamental trees using a new index based on LiDAR and Kriging: A case study of plane trees." Science of The Total Environment 693, no. : 133576.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Techniques of remote sensing are being used to develop phenological studies. Our goal is to study the correlation among the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) related with oak trees included in three set data polygons (15, 25 and 50 km to aerobiological sampling point as NDVI-15, 25 and 50), and oak (Quercus) daily average pollen counts from 1994 to 2013. The study was developed in the SW Mediterranean region with continuous pollen recording within the mean pollen season of each studied year. These pollen concentrations were compared with NDVI values in the locations containing the vegetation under a study based on two cartographic sources: the Extremadura Forest Map (MFEx) of Spain and the Fifth National Forest Inventory (IFN5) from Portugal. The importance of this work is to propose the relationship among data related in space and time by Spearman and Granger causality tests. 9 out of 20 studied years have shown significant results with the Granger causality test between NDVI and pollen concentration, and in 12 years, significant values were obtained by Spearman test. The distances of influence on the contribution of Quercus pollen to the sampler showed statistically significant results depending on the year. Moreover, a predictive model by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was applied with better results in NDVI25 than for NDVI15 or NDVI50. The addition of NDVI25 with the lag of 5 days and some weather parameters in the model was applied with a RMSE of 4.26 (Spearman coefficient r = 0.77) between observed and predicted values. Based on these results, NDVI seems to be a useful parameter to predict airborne pollen.

ACS Style

Rocío González-Naharro; Elia Quirós; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Jose María Maya Manzano; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Raúl Pecero Casimiro; Alejandro Monroy-Colin; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Relationship of NDVI and oak (Quercus) pollen including a predictive model in the SW Mediterranean region. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 676, 407 -419.

AMA Style

Rocío González-Naharro, Elia Quirós, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Jose María Maya Manzano, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Raúl Pecero Casimiro, Alejandro Monroy-Colin, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Relationship of NDVI and oak (Quercus) pollen including a predictive model in the SW Mediterranean region. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 676 ():407-419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González-Naharro; Elia Quirós; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Jose María Maya Manzano; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Raúl Pecero Casimiro; Alejandro Monroy-Colin; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. 2019. "Relationship of NDVI and oak (Quercus) pollen including a predictive model in the SW Mediterranean region." Science of The Total Environment 676, no. : 407-419.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Oak pollen seasons are relatively unexplored in large parts of Europe despite producing allergens and being a common tree in both continental and northern parts. Many studies are concentrated only on the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, the seasonal pattern of oak pollen in Europe was analysed using 10 observation sites, ranging from Spain to Sweden. The magnitude of peaks and annual pollen integral together with season-length were studied and substantially higher pollen levels and longer seasons were found in Spain. Two northern sites in Denmark and Sweden showed high oak pollen peaks together with two sites in Spain and United Kingdom. The study also tested four common definitions of season start and applied a generalized phenological model for computing the start of the pollen season. The most accurate definition for European-wide description of the oak pollen start was the cumulative pollen count 50 grains per cubic meter, daily average. The computation of the start used a thermal time model based on Growing Degree Day (GDD), utilizing daily maximum and minimum temperatures and a generalized approach to identify model parameters applicable to all included sites. GDD values varied between sites and generally followed a decreasing gradient from south to north, with some exceptions. Modelled onsets with base temperatures below 7 °C matched well with observed onsets and 76% of the predictions differed ≤4 days compared to observed onsets when using a base temperature of 2 °C. Base temperatures above 7 °C frequently predicted onsets differing >1 week from the observed. This general approach can be extended to a larger area where pollen observations are non-existent. The presented work will increase the understanding of oak pollen variation in Europe and provide knowledge of its phenology, which is a critical aspect both for modelling purposes on large-scale and assessing the human exposure to oak allergens.

ACS Style

Maria Grundström; Beverley Adams-Groom; Catherine H. Pashley; Åslög Dahl; Karen Rasmussen; Letty A. de Weger; Michel Thibaudon; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Carsten A. Skjøth. Oak pollen seasonality and severity across Europe and modelling the season start using a generalized phenological model. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 663, 527 -536.

AMA Style

Maria Grundström, Beverley Adams-Groom, Catherine H. Pashley, Åslög Dahl, Karen Rasmussen, Letty A. de Weger, Michel Thibaudon, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Carsten A. Skjøth. Oak pollen seasonality and severity across Europe and modelling the season start using a generalized phenological model. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 663 ():527-536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grundström; Beverley Adams-Groom; Catherine H. Pashley; Åslög Dahl; Karen Rasmussen; Letty A. de Weger; Michel Thibaudon; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Carsten A. Skjøth. 2019. "Oak pollen seasonality and severity across Europe and modelling the season start using a generalized phenological model." Science of The Total Environment 663, no. : 527-536.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Airborne fungal spores are prevalent components of bioaerosols with a large impact on ecology, economy and health. Their major socioeconomic effects could be reduced by accurate and timely prediction of airborne spore concentrations. The main aim of this study was to create and evaluate models of Alternaria and Cladosporium spore concentrations based on data on a continental scale. Additional goals included assessment of the level of generalization of the models in space and description of the main meteorological factors influencing fungal spore concentrations. Aerobiological monitoring was carried out at 18 sites in six countries across Europe over 3 to 21 years depending on site. Quantile random forest modelling was used to predict spore concentrations values. Generalization of the Alternaria and Cladosporium models was tested using (i) one model for all the sites, (ii) models for groups of sites, and (iii) models for individual sites. The study revealed the possibility of reliable prediction of fungal spore levels using gridded meteorological data. The classification models also showed the capacity for providing larger scale predictions of fungal spore concentrations. Regression models were distinctly less accurate than classification models due to several factors, including measurement errors and distinct day-to-day changes of concentrations. Temperature and vapour pressure proved to be the most important variables in the regression and classification models of Alternaria and Cladosporium spore concentrations. Accurate and operational daily-scale predictive models of bioaerosol abundances contribute to the assessment and evaluation of relevant exposure and consequently more timely and efficient management of phytopathogenic and of human allergic diseases.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń; Jakub Nowosad; Beata Bosiacka; Irene Camacho; Catherine Pashley; Jordina Belmonte; Concepción De Linares; Nicoleta Ianovici; Jose María Maya Manzano; Magdalena Sadyś; Carsten Ambelas Skjøth; Victoria Rodinkova; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Despoina Vokou; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Athanasios Damialis. Airborne Alternaria and Cladosporium fungal spores in Europe: Forecasting possibilities and relationships with meteorological parameters. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 653, 938 -946.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń, Jakub Nowosad, Beata Bosiacka, Irene Camacho, Catherine Pashley, Jordina Belmonte, Concepción De Linares, Nicoleta Ianovici, Jose María Maya Manzano, Magdalena Sadyś, Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, Victoria Rodinkova, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Despoina Vokou, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Athanasios Damialis. Airborne Alternaria and Cladosporium fungal spores in Europe: Forecasting possibilities and relationships with meteorological parameters. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 653 ():938-946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń; Jakub Nowosad; Beata Bosiacka; Irene Camacho; Catherine Pashley; Jordina Belmonte; Concepción De Linares; Nicoleta Ianovici; Jose María Maya Manzano; Magdalena Sadyś; Carsten Ambelas Skjøth; Victoria Rodinkova; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Despoina Vokou; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Athanasios Damialis. 2018. "Airborne Alternaria and Cladosporium fungal spores in Europe: Forecasting possibilities and relationships with meteorological parameters." Science of The Total Environment 653, no. : 938-946.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Journal of Cultural Heritage
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Biodeterioration is a topic of ever-growing concern and is particularly relevant in the context of cultural heritage conservation, since artworks and monuments provide diversified ecological niches for microorganism colonization. Despite all the gathered knowledge in recent years, current established norms and accepted contamination thresholds have a prominent focus on human health and air quality preservation. Nonetheless they still are not enough or are not adequately applied for cultural heritage preservation. In the light of this study within a very important Museum from Coimbra (Portugal), the current knowledge and accepted norms are discussed. Despite the meticulous control of environmental parameters inside this art repository, the presence of fungal colonies was unexpectedly detected on wooden sculptures and paintings that were deposited inside a custom-built room. Contaminated art objects were sampled for fungal isolation and identification, along with seasonal indoor air sampling, for a one-year period. Molecular biology methods complemented with morphological observation were used for the identification of fungal organisms. Direct sampling of 8 contaminated paintings allowed the retrieval of 10 fungal isolates (3 different genera and 4 different species). In addition, 19 fungal isolates (5 different genera and 9 different species) were retrieved from 7 contaminated wooden sculptures. The air sampling process provided a total of 150 isolates (24 different genera and 43 different species), from which the most common genera were Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium, and the most frequent species were Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium copticola and P. corylophilum. Although the number of airborne CFU was considerably low in all seasons, some fungal species with known biodeterioration capability and adverse human health effects were found. The relevance of air contamination monitoring as a single tool for biodeterioration risk assessment is discussed, as are the currently available norms and recommendations. Preventive measures are advised and considerations are made regarding potentially more effective approaches.

ACS Style

Hugo Paiva de Carvalho; Nuno Mesquita; João Trovão; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Catarina Pinheiro; Virgínia Gomes; Ana Alcoforado; Francisco Gil; António Portugal. Fungal contamination of paintings and wooden sculptures inside the storage room of a museum: Are current norms and reference values adequate? Journal of Cultural Heritage 2018, 34, 268 -276.

AMA Style

Hugo Paiva de Carvalho, Nuno Mesquita, João Trovão, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Catarina Pinheiro, Virgínia Gomes, Ana Alcoforado, Francisco Gil, António Portugal. Fungal contamination of paintings and wooden sculptures inside the storage room of a museum: Are current norms and reference values adequate? Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2018; 34 ():268-276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Paiva de Carvalho; Nuno Mesquita; João Trovão; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Catarina Pinheiro; Virgínia Gomes; Ana Alcoforado; Francisco Gil; António Portugal. 2018. "Fungal contamination of paintings and wooden sculptures inside the storage room of a museum: Are current norms and reference values adequate?" Journal of Cultural Heritage 34, no. : 268-276.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2018 in Automation in Construction
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Urban air quality is a parameter that plays a major role in human health at the local scale. Consequently, in urban planning, the behavior and potential risk of allergenicity for some pollen grains coming from ornamental trees and green spaces surrounding newly built buildings, should be considered. This paper aims to study how pollen exposure, influenced by weather parameters, can be assessed and integrated in the designing and building of constructions as other component of air quality assessment beforehand, by using BIM. Based on a comparative aerobiological study at the height over a building (sampled by two traps at ground and at 16 m), a 3D local dynamic parametric scenario was modelled using BIM, and hourly average Pinaceae pollen concentrations (due to the closeness of pine trees to the samplers). From continuous recording (2009–2011) influenced by height and the influence of wind direction and speed was analysed. Additionally, a map of pine trees geolocated around the studied building was produced and the hourly average Pinaceae pollen concentrations were represented by Revit. BIM together with aerobiology can be a novel and useful tool for the construction of buildings considering airborne biological particles. This represents a first step towards the integration of some unusual environmental parameters in urban planning. Pollen grains modelling as an environmental health criterion for the construction of new buildings will allow technicians to avoid possible future isolation points in the design of building envelopes, and high pollen exposure rates could be avoided, creating ‘allergy-free’ buildings.

ACS Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez; Paloma Prieto Muriel; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Jose María Maya Manzano. Environmental impact assessment of Pinaceae airborne pollen and green infrastructure using BIM. Automation in Construction 2018, 96, 494 -507.

AMA Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez, Paloma Prieto Muriel, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Jose María Maya Manzano. Environmental impact assessment of Pinaceae airborne pollen and green infrastructure using BIM. Automation in Construction. 2018; 96 ():494-507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez; Paloma Prieto Muriel; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Jose María Maya Manzano. 2018. "Environmental impact assessment of Pinaceae airborne pollen and green infrastructure using BIM." Automation in Construction 96, no. : 494-507.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Waste Management
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An air measurement campaign was carried out at a green-waste composting site in the South of Ireland during Spring 2016. The aim was to quantify and identify the levels of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP) that were present using the traditional off-line, impaction/optical microscopy method alongside an on-line, spectroscopic approach termed WIBS (Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor), which can provide number concentrations, sizes and “shapes” of airborne PBAP in real-time by use of Light Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The results from the two techniques were compared in order to validate the use of the spectroscopic method for determining the releases of the wide-range of PBAP present there as a function of site activity and meteorological conditions. The seven-day monitoring period undertaken was much longer than any real-time studies that have been previously performed and allowed due comparison between weekday (working) activities at the site and weekend (closed) releases. The time-span also allowed relationships between site activities like turning, agitation or waste delivery and the WIBS data to be determined in a quantitative manner. This information cannot be obtained with the Andersen Sampling methods generally employed at green-waste management sites. Furthermore, few specific bioaerosol types other than Aspergillus fumigatus, are identified using the traditional protocols employed for site licensing purposes. Here though the co-location of WIBS with the impaction instrument made it possible to identify the real-time release behaviour of a specific plant pathogenic spore, Ustilago maydis, present after green-waste deliveries were made by a local distillery.

ACS Style

Patrick Feeney; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Rafael Molina; Eoin McGillicuddy; Stig Hellebust; Michael Quirke; Shane Daly; David O'Connor; John Sodeau. A comparison of on-line and off-line bioaerosol measurements at a biowaste site. Waste Management 2018, 76, 323 -338.

AMA Style

Patrick Feeney, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Rafael Molina, Eoin McGillicuddy, Stig Hellebust, Michael Quirke, Shane Daly, David O'Connor, John Sodeau. A comparison of on-line and off-line bioaerosol measurements at a biowaste site. Waste Management. 2018; 76 ():323-338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick Feeney; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Rafael Molina; Eoin McGillicuddy; Stig Hellebust; Michael Quirke; Shane Daly; David O'Connor; John Sodeau. 2018. "A comparison of on-line and off-line bioaerosol measurements at a biowaste site." Waste Management 76, no. : 323-338.

Original paper
Published: 05 March 2018 in Aerobiologia
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Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) is a common polygamous tree growing on the banks of rivers in the western Mediterranean region. Pollination occurs during winter, and the tree’s pollen is among the most abundant during that season. This work aims to relate the phenology of pollen shedding, source tree distribution, meteorology and airborne pollen occurrence for the species. Aerobiological sampling was conducted in Badajoz (south-western Spain) using a Hirst volumetric sampler over 24 years (1993–2016). Trees were geo-localized in a circle 500 m in diameter surrounding the pollen sampler. During the last two periods, pollination phenology was studied in 10 specimens, five in the surroundings of the pollen station and five 3 km apart, at a frequency of 3–4 days on average. Moreover, a detailed analysis of pollen occurrence was conducted for these two periods. Daily data for the whole period and hourly data over the last 2 years were used, including pollen monitoring and meteorology. A comparison was made between pollen occurrence and source distribution. The main pollen season lasted on average 53 (28–75) days. Average values were less than 10 grains m−3, except for two periods of 23–24 grains m−3. Daily data and hourly data correlation with meteorology showed different signs in correlation analysis. Hourly analysis showed that the maximum concentration occurred just after noon. Most pollen was recorded at an average temperature of 9 °C. Analysis of pollen sources and pollen occurrence showed a close relationship between predominant wind directions and tree distribution. Peaks of phenology were not coincident with pollen peaks. No trends in pollination were found. Non-homogeneous distribution of pollen sources for Fraxinus angustifolia provided a suitable tool to demonstrate that wind direction plays a relevant role when aerobiological data are interpreted according to source distribution. A limitation in phenology analysis and aerobiological data was noted in the narrow-leafed ash species.

ACS Style

Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo Molina; José María Maya-Manzano; Santiago Fernández Rodríguez; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Environmental analysis of airborne pollen occurrence, pollen source distribution and phenology of Fraxinus angustifolia. Aerobiologia 2018, 34, 269 -283.

AMA Style

Alejandro Monroy-Colín, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Rafael Tormo Molina, José María Maya-Manzano, Santiago Fernández Rodríguez, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Environmental analysis of airborne pollen occurrence, pollen source distribution and phenology of Fraxinus angustifolia. Aerobiologia. 2018; 34 (3):269-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo Molina; José María Maya-Manzano; Santiago Fernández Rodríguez; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. 2018. "Environmental analysis of airborne pollen occurrence, pollen source distribution and phenology of Fraxinus angustifolia." Aerobiologia 34, no. 3: 269-283.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Pablo Durán-Barroso; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo-Molina; José María Maya-Manzano; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo; Alejandro Monroy-Colin. Environmental assessment of allergenic risk provoked by airborne grass pollen through forecast model in a Mediterranean region. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 176, 1304 -1315.

AMA Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Pablo Durán-Barroso, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Rafael Tormo-Molina, José María Maya-Manzano, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo, Alejandro Monroy-Colin. Environmental assessment of allergenic risk provoked by airborne grass pollen through forecast model in a Mediterranean region. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 176 ():1304-1315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Pablo Durán-Barroso; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo-Molina; José María Maya-Manzano; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo; Alejandro Monroy-Colin. 2018. "Environmental assessment of allergenic risk provoked by airborne grass pollen through forecast model in a Mediterranean region." Journal of Cleaner Production 176, no. : 1304-1315.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Atmospheric Environment
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S. Fernández-Rodríguez; R. Tormo-Molina; N. Lemonis; B. Clot; David O'Connor; John R. Sodeau. Comparison of fungal spores concentrations measured with wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor and Hirst methodology. Atmospheric Environment 2018, 175, 1 -14.

AMA Style

S. Fernández-Rodríguez, R. Tormo-Molina, N. Lemonis, B. Clot, David O'Connor, John R. Sodeau. Comparison of fungal spores concentrations measured with wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor and Hirst methodology. Atmospheric Environment. 2018; 175 ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Fernández-Rodríguez; R. Tormo-Molina; N. Lemonis; B. Clot; David O'Connor; John R. Sodeau. 2018. "Comparison of fungal spores concentrations measured with wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor and Hirst methodology." Atmospheric Environment 175, no. : 1-14.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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New space technologies as Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been used to display several phenological cycles of ecosystems around the world. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI, associated to oak trees within three training data polygons (15, 25 and 50 km-distance to the volumetric sampler Hirst), and the daily average Quercus airborne pollen concentrations in 20 years. The study was developed in Badajoz (SW Iberian Peninsula) with a continuous pollen recording in the period from 1994 to 2013. The main novelty of this study has been the analysis of the correlation between the two-time series, using Spearman test. Within the 20 studied years, 12 years obtained significant values in the Spearman test in the whole studied area.

ACS Style

Rocío González-Naharro; Elia Quirós; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo-Molina; José María Maya-Manzano; Alejandro Monroy-Colin; Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Spearman Correlation between the NDVI and Quercus Airborne Pollen in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula. Proceedings 2018, 2, 1519 .

AMA Style

Rocío González-Naharro, Elia Quirós, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Rafael Tormo-Molina, José María Maya-Manzano, Alejandro Monroy-Colin, Raúl Pecero-Casimiro, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Spearman Correlation between the NDVI and Quercus Airborne Pollen in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (20):1519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González-Naharro; Elia Quirós; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo-Molina; José María Maya-Manzano; Alejandro Monroy-Colin; Raúl Pecero-Casimiro; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. 2018. "Spearman Correlation between the NDVI and Quercus Airborne Pollen in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula." Proceedings 2, no. 20: 1519.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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José María Maya-Manzano; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2017, 27, 352 -362.

AMA Style

José María Maya-Manzano, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Alejandro Monroy-Colín, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2017; 27 ():352-362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José María Maya-Manzano; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Alejandro Monroy-Colín; Inmaculada Silva-Palacios; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. 2017. "Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 27, no. : 352-362.

Original articles
Published: 25 May 2017 in Grana
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Aerobiological sampling through volumetric pollen traps requires the use of an appropriate adhesive, whose selection is a critical factor in these studies. This study compares the differences between two adhesives that have been widely used in aerobiological studies with the aim of providing a persuasive argument for using petroleum jelly as a viable alternative to silicone diluted with the banned substance carbon tetrachloride. The study was performed using Hirst-type pollen traps in an indoor controlled environment to avoid interference attributed to outdoor meteorological parameters. Furthermore, a gravimetric study was conducted simultaneously as a control. Four different pollen types with different pollen sizes and similar flowering seasons were studied (Acer, Platanus, Quercus and Rumex). Differences between pollen traps were minimised by interchanging the drums in each pollen trap every 24 hours. Gravimetric results showed homogeneous airborne pollen distribution in the study. No statistically significant differences were found between the results for the sample adhesives for Quercus and Platanus, whereas significant differences were observed for Rumex and Acer. In the case of Acer, more pollen grains were recorded using the petroleum jelly, while for Rumex, more pollen grains were recorded with silicone. After this experiment we consider that petroleum jelly can be used as a viable alternative adhesive to the banned silicone diluted with carbon tetrachloride.

ACS Style

José María Maya Manzano; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva Palacios; Ángela Gonzalo Garijo; Rafael Tormo Molina. Comparison between two adhesives (silicone and petroleum jelly) in Hirst pollen traps in a controlled environment. Grana 2017, 57, 137 -143.

AMA Style

José María Maya Manzano, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Inmaculada Silva Palacios, Ángela Gonzalo Garijo, Rafael Tormo Molina. Comparison between two adhesives (silicone and petroleum jelly) in Hirst pollen traps in a controlled environment. Grana. 2017; 57 (1-2):137-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José María Maya Manzano; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Inmaculada Silva Palacios; Ángela Gonzalo Garijo; Rafael Tormo Molina. 2017. "Comparison between two adhesives (silicone and petroleum jelly) in Hirst pollen traps in a controlled environment." Grana 57, no. 1-2: 137-143.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2017 in Environmental Research
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Urban parks play a key role in the provision of ecosystem services, actively participating in improving the quality of life and welfare of local residents. This paper reports on the application of an index designed to quantify the allergenicity of urban parks in a number of Spanish cities. The index, which records biological and biometric parameters for the tree species growing there, classifies parks in terms of the risk they pose for allergy sufferers, graded as null, low, moderate or high. In this initial phase, the index was applied to 26 green areas in 24 Spanish cities; green areas varied in type (urban park, historical or modern garden, boulevard, square or urban forest), size 1–100 ha), geographical location, species richness, number of trees and tree density (number of trees / ha.). The data obtained were used to calculate the percentage of allergenic species in each park, which varied between 17–67%; density ranged from 100 to 300 trees/ha. The index values recorded ranged from a minimum of .07 to a maximum of .87; a significant correlation was found between index value and both number of trees and tree density. Taking an index value of .30 as the threshold considered sufficient to trigger allergy symptoms in the sensitive population, 12 of the parks studied may be regarded as unhealthy at any time of the year. Corrective measures to mitigate the impact of pollen emissions include the implementation of nature-based solutions at various levels: planning and design, handling and management, and strengthening of urban green-infrastructure elements. The index proved to be a useful tool for environmental analysis, and complies with the principles of portability and scalability central to current and horizon scientific research.

ACS Style

Paloma Cariñanos; Manuel Casares-Porcel; Consuelo Díaz de la Guardia; María Jesús Aira; Jordina Belmonte; Marzia Boi; Belén Elvira-Rendueles; Concepción De Linares; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Jose María Maya Manzano; Rosa Pérez-Badia; David Rodríguez de la Cruz; Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Rajo; Jesús Rojo; Carlos Manuel Romero Zarco; Estefanía Sánchez Reyes; José Sánchez-Sánchez; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Ana María Vega Maray. Assessing allergenicity in urban parks: A nature-based solution to reduce the impact on public health. Environmental Research 2017, 155, 219 -227.

AMA Style

Paloma Cariñanos, Manuel Casares-Porcel, Consuelo Díaz de la Guardia, María Jesús Aira, Jordina Belmonte, Marzia Boi, Belén Elvira-Rendueles, Concepción De Linares, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Jose María Maya Manzano, Rosa Pérez-Badia, David Rodríguez de la Cruz, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Rajo, Jesús Rojo, Carlos Manuel Romero Zarco, Estefanía Sánchez Reyes, José Sánchez-Sánchez, Rafael Tormo-Molina, Ana María Vega Maray. Assessing allergenicity in urban parks: A nature-based solution to reduce the impact on public health. Environmental Research. 2017; 155 ():219-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paloma Cariñanos; Manuel Casares-Porcel; Consuelo Díaz de la Guardia; María Jesús Aira; Jordina Belmonte; Marzia Boi; Belén Elvira-Rendueles; Concepción De Linares; Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez; Jose María Maya Manzano; Rosa Pérez-Badia; David Rodríguez de la Cruz; Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Rajo; Jesús Rojo; Carlos Manuel Romero Zarco; Estefanía Sánchez Reyes; José Sánchez-Sánchez; Rafael Tormo-Molina; Ana María Vega Maray. 2017. "Assessing allergenicity in urban parks: A nature-based solution to reduce the impact on public health." Environmental Research 155, no. : 219-227.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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Airborne bio-aerosol content (mainly pollen and spores) depends on the surrounding vegetation and weather conditions, particularly wind direction. In order to understand this issue, maps of the main land cover in influence areas of 10 km in radius surrounding pollen traps were created. Atmospheric content of the most abundant 14 pollen types was analysed in relation to the predominant wind directions measured in three localities of SW of Iberian Peninsula, from March 2011 to March 2014. Three Hirst type traps were used for aerobiological monitoring. The surface area for each land cover category was calculated and wind direction analysis was approached by using circular statistics. This method could be helpful for estimating the potential risk of exposure to various pollen types. Thus, the main land cover was different for each monitoring location, being irrigated crops, pastures and hardwood forests the main categories among 11 types described. Comparison of the pollen content with the predominant winds and land cover shows that the atmospheric pollen concentration is related to some source areas identified in the inventory. The study found that some pollen types (e.g. Plantago, Fraxinus-Phillyrea, Alnus) come from local sources but other pollen types (e.g. Quercus) are mostly coming from longer distances. As main conclusions, airborne particle concentrations can be effectively split by addressing wind with circular statistics. By combining circular statistics and GIS method with aerobiological data, we have created a useful tool for understanding pollen origin. Some pollen loads can be explained by immediate surrounding landscape and observed wind patterns for most of the time. However, other factors like medium or long-distance transport or even pollen trap location within a city, may occasionally affect the pollen load recorded using an air sampler.

ACS Style

J.M. Maya-Manzano; M. Sadyś; R. Tormo-Molina; S. Fernández-Rodríguez; Jose Oteros; I. Silva-Palacios; A. Gonzalo-Garijo. Relationships between airborne pollen grains, wind direction and land cover using GIS and circular statistics. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 584-585, 603 -613.

AMA Style

J.M. Maya-Manzano, M. Sadyś, R. Tormo-Molina, S. Fernández-Rodríguez, Jose Oteros, I. Silva-Palacios, A. Gonzalo-Garijo. Relationships between airborne pollen grains, wind direction and land cover using GIS and circular statistics. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 584-585 ():603-613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.M. Maya-Manzano; M. Sadyś; R. Tormo-Molina; S. Fernández-Rodríguez; Jose Oteros; I. Silva-Palacios; A. Gonzalo-Garijo. 2017. "Relationships between airborne pollen grains, wind direction and land cover using GIS and circular statistics." Science of The Total Environment 584-585, no. : 603-613.