Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are used for intracranial pressure management and temporary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CSF shunts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features, pathogens, and outcomes of 22 patients with CSF shunt infections collected over 4 years. Methods: The patients with shunt insertions were evaluated using; age, sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, shunt infection numbers, biochemical and microbiological parameters, prognosis, clinical infection features and clinical outcome. Results: The most common causes of the etiology of hydrocephalus in shunt infected patients were congenital hydrocephalus-myelomeningocele (32%) and meningitis (23%). The commonest causative microorganism identified was Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, followed by Acinetobacter spp., and S. epidermidis. Conclusion: In a case of a shunt infection the timely usage of appropriate antibiotics, according to the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the removal of the shunt apparatus is essential for successful treatment.

Many complications related to the resection of an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament via the anterior approach have been reported. Postoperative neurological deterioration is one such complication that may appear due to massive anterior spinal cord herniation related to a dural defect following resection of the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. Specifically, spinal cord herniations have been reported to be associated with posterior approaches, and a large number of theories regarding this association have been offered by various authors. However, anterior spinal cord herniation is extremely rare, and its pathophysiology has not yet been explained. In this case report, we report a male patient who experienced anterior spinal cord herniation following anterior surgery. Spinal cord herniation may develop following the removal of the anterior cervical corpectomy. Therefore, surgeons should be aware of this condition when planning treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy via the anterior approach.

The anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is a key node of the hippocampal–diencephalic memory system and an established target for deep brain stimulation in drug-refractory epilepsy, yet its temporal connectivity remains incompletely characterized. This study delineates a dorsal posterolateral fiber bundle between the ANT and the amygdalo-uncal region, for which we propose the term anterior thalamo-temporal projection (ATTP). Fourteen hemispheres from seven human brains were examined using Klingler fiber dissection. The ATTP was identified in all 14 dissected hemispheres, following a dorsal posterolateral course through the pulvinar–lateral geniculate corridor and forming one macroscopic endpoint at the ANT, with no demonstrable ventral continuation. The reproducibility of a corresponding tractographic pattern was evaluated in 20 hemispheres from 10 Human Connectome Project participants using a repeated-run diffusion tractography protocol. An anatomically concordant tractographic pattern was reconstructed in 17 of 20 hemispheres (85%). The position of the ANT relative to the anterior commissure–posterior commissure line was also measured. The ANT position varied predominantly along the anteroposterior axis. To our knowledge, this study provides the first systematic microsurgical and tractographic delineation of the ATTP, establishing an anatomical framework for future investigations of medial temporal connectivity and patient-specific ANT neuromodulation.