Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) interventions in improving cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and daily living ability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically retrieved from eight databases and quantitatively synthesized in a meta-analysis. Study quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the GRADE framework. Results: A total of 24 RCTs involving 1,381 participants were included. VR interventions were associated with moderate improvements in overall cognitive function (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36–0.73, p < 0.0001), although the certainty of this evidence was rated as low. Subgroup analyses showed that immersive VR and purely cognitive VR were more effective than other types. VR also significantly improved attention (Digit Span Forward: MD = 0.39, p = 0.004), processing speed (TMT-A: MD = −4.34, p = 0.01), and executive function (TMT-B: MD = −15.76, p = 0.009; Digit Span Backward: MD = 0.33, p < 0.001). Statistical analysis indicated an absence of significant improvement in daily living performance (SMD = 0.58, p = 0.19) and depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.75, p = 0.18). Conclusion: VR interventions, particularly immersive and cognitive-focused types, may enhance cognitive performance in individuals with MCI, especially in attention, processing speed, and executive function. However, current evidence does not support clear benefits for daily functioning or depressive symptoms. Further high-quality studies with long term follow up are needed. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/ CRD420251002107, ID: CRD420251002107.

Objectives: With the advancement of digital technologies, digital health-supported physical activity has attracted considerable attention for its potential to enhance cognitive function in older adults. To systematically review the research progress and trends in this field, this study utilized CiteSpace 6.3 R2 for bibliometric analysis of relevant literature. Methods: Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases, and after screening and merging, a total of 201 publications were included for analysis. CiteSpace 6.3 R2 was used to conduct bibliometric analysis from dimensions such as keyword, country, and institution. Results: The annual publication counts showed an overall increasing trend, with Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience having the highest number of publications, and the coverage of the two databases being partially overlapping yet complementary. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the United States, Harvard Medical School, and Eling D. De Bruin were the most active at the national, institutional, and author levels. In terms of co-citation analysis, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , “Unknown,” and Ying-Yi Liao (2019) had the highest citation frequencies across journals, authors, and references. High co-occurrence keywords included “virtual reality,” “older adults,” and “exercise.” Keyword clustering revealed major clusters such as “rct,” “multiple sclerosis,” and “digital health,” with recent burst keywords including “age,” “care,” “digital health,” and “physical exercise.” Conclusion: Research in this field is rapidly advancing, showing a clear trend toward multidisciplinary integration. Collaboration networks have formed across regions, institutions, and authors, but remain relatively fragmented. Core journals, influential authors, and highly cited publications have collectively shaped the foundational knowledge base of the field. Recent studies have focused on integration models and collaborative mechanisms between digital health technologies and physical activity. Future research should emphasize interdisciplinary and international collaboration, prioritizing the development of personalized, real-world-oriented digital health interventions to enhance the quality of life for older adults.

Bullying victimization is consistently associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents, yet the psychological processes underlying this association remain insufficiently understood, particularly among multicultural adolescents. This study tested a theoretically specified serial mediation model involving acculturative stress and ego-resiliency and further explored item-level conditional associations among the study variables. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1338 multicultural adolescents in South Korea who participated in the fifth wave (2015) of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS). Serial mediation analysis (PROCESS Model 6) was performed to examine the mediating roles of acculturative stress and ego-resiliency. A Gaussian graphical network was subsequently estimated to identify central nodes, bridge nodes, and node predictability among bullying victimization, acculturative stress, ego-resiliency, and depressive symptoms. Bullying victimization was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Significant indirect associations were observed through acculturative stress and ego-resiliency, both independently and through the theoretically specified serial pathway. In the network, physical aggression (BV4), appearance-related humiliation (BV6), and peer exclusion (BV1) occupied relatively central positions. Rumor spreading (BV5) showed the highest bridge expected influence, whereas BV4 and BV6 showed the highest bridge strength. Acculturative-stress items demonstrated the highest average node predictability. Bullying victimization was associated with depressive symptoms among multicultural adolescents in South Korea, with significant indirect associations involving greater acculturative stress and lower ego-resiliency. Serial mediation and network analyses provided complementary construct- and item-level perspectives, but the cross-sectional findings should be interpreted as associational rather than causal.