Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic bladder condition with a rising incidence that significantly impacts the lives of millions worldwide. The lack of understanding regarding the pathophysiology of this condition has resulted in a deficiency of effective treatment options. However, the development of regenerative medicine has brought platelet-rich plasma into our field of vision. Platelet-rich plasma may address unresolved inflammation in the interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome bladder and facilitate the restoration of bladder and urethral barrier function through repeated injections, potentially reducing bladder pain. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravesical injection of platelet rich plasma in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for studies on platelet-rich plasma injection for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, with a search cutoff date of August 7, 2024. A total of 11 studies with 391 participants were included. The combined statistics indicated that the baseline interstitial cystitis symptom index score was 11.20±4.60, the interstitial cystitis problem index score was 10.81±3.51, and the pain score was 4.37±3.14. The results showed that compared to pre-treatment, the interstitial cystitis symptom index score decreased by 3.56 (95% CI -4.39 to -2.72, P<0.00001), the interstitial cystitis problem index score decreased by 3.24 (95% CI -3.90 to -2.58, P<0.00001), and the pain score decreased by 1.84 (95% CI -2.19 to -1.48, P<0.00001). Additionally, the average proportion of patients with a global response assessment score of ≥2 after treatment was 48% (95% CI 0.37 to 0.58, P<0.00001). Furthermore, the overall incidence of adverse events among patients was 2.9%. Evidence-based statistical analysis results suggest that intravesical platelet-rich plasma treatment is effective and safe, potentially serving as a promising approach for managing interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HIC) is a debilitating condition defined by bladder pain and urinary urgency, yet its upstream drivers remain poorly understood. To identify upstream mechanisms that exacerbate urothelial injury, here we apply an integrative multi-omics framework combining metagenomic sequencing, targeted metabolomics of urine and serum, and single-cell RNA sequencing. This approach reveals a microbial signature enriched in Enterococcus avium and a marked alteration in bile acid metabolism, including increased taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA). Single-cell analysis indicates that these changes converge on Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation in urothelial cells. Further validations show that a microbiota–bile acid–TLR3 axis disrupts epithelial barrier integrity and triggers inflammatory responses in experimental models. Transplantation and metabolite administration confirm the causal role of E. avium and TCDCA, while TLR3 inhibition ameliorates injury. These findings uncover an upstream pathway linking gut-derived metabolites to bladder pathology and suggest opportunities for biomarker development and targeted therapies for HIC.

Background: This updated meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and treatment adherence of mirabegron and vibegron in patients with overactive bladder with head-to-head trials. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library from January 1, 2016 to July 6, 2025. Comparative studies evaluating mirabegron versus vibegron were included. Study selection followed the PICOS framework, and quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Handbook for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-RCTs. Outcomes included changes in voiding diary parameters, urodynamic measures, overactive bladder symptom scores, adverse events, and treatment adherence. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Vibegron was associated with a greater reduction in daily urgency episodes (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.37, P = .0006) and urinary urge incontinence (UUI) episodes (SMD = 0.33, P = .006) compared to mirabegron. However, no significant differences were found in other efficacy parameters or overall safety profiles. Vibegron demonstrated better adherence, with a higher continuation rate and lower discontinuation rate. Conclusion: Recent data indicated that vibegron demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing urgency and UUI episodes while maintaining a safety profile comparable to mirabegron. Furthermore, vibegron is associated with improved treatment adherence. However, additional RCTs are necessary to confirm these findings.

The quality and reliability of ureteroplasty-related videos on YouTube remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the quality and educatio