The recent advancements in electronics and computer networks, as well as the clear need for interoperability and connectivity makes communication technologies and algorithms crucial for the success of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. This survey paper provides a classification of communication technologies concerning their use in ITS and an assessment of their effectiveness. As a result, opportunities, gaps, and issues are identified in ITS and their associated Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). Even though several communication technology types are extensively used in ITS, there are challenges and issues regarding their operational effectiveness and reliability, which are thoroughly discussed in this paper. These challenges include the distance factor, bandwidth and medium access control, time/emergency situation, routing protocols, security, and privacy. In conclusion, this paper provides suggestions for improvement and directions for successfully utilizing communication technology in the area of ITS.

In today's highly developed traffic networks, too much emphasis is given on the development of intelligent systems for vehicles, while pedestrians/bicyclists are mainly ignored. Clearly, there is a need for effectively integrating pedestrians in the overall design of intelligent transportation systems for the sustainable development and effective utilization of urban traffic networks. Especially, with the currently available technology, a lot can be achieved in this direction. This paper reviews current technologies on their capability to be employed for increasing connectivity, conspicuity, comfort, convenience, and conviviality of urban pedestrian networks. As a result, recommendations are given for developing what we call Intelligent Pedestrian Mobility Systems (IPMS), which should be a basic ingredient for any smart city.

The aim of our research is to study opinions of people upon the pedestrian conditions in urban spaces. The goal is to evaluate, based on the perception...