This study evaluated the functional performance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites reinforced with carbon fillers, specifically graphene nanoplatelets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), for potential use in protective footwear outsoles designed to resist high temperatures and fuel oil exposure. Three material variants were prepared: unmodified PVC, PVC with 0.5 wt% graphene and PVC with 0.5 wt% graphene + 0.5 wt% MWCNT. These materials were subjected to comprehensive evaluation, including chemical composition analysis via energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, hardness, fuel oil resistance, thermal conductivity measurements and surface morphology characterization. The results showed that carbon fillers improved both mechanical and thermal properties. The composite exhibited a 25% increase in hardness and approximately 19% higher thermal conductivity compared to unmodified PVC. However, exposure to fuel oil caused significant degradation of all composites and increase in surface hardness. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed structural damage, filler agglomeration and filler-free surface layers in areas exposed to heat.

Protective gloves used by firefighters and other first responders may be stored for long periods in environments where radon and its decay products can accumulate. However, despite extensive research on the radiation ageing of elastomers, directly comparable data on the long-term response of finished nitrile rubber (NBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR) used as protective glove materials under radon chamber conditions remain limited. Accordingly, this study evaluated time-dependent changes in these two glove materials during up to six months of conditioning. The specimens were conditioned at an approximately constant ²²²Rn activity concentration of 540 kBq/m³, corresponding to a cumulative exposure of up to $2.35\times {10}^6$ kBq/m³. Changes were evaluated using microhardness measurements, mechanical testing, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). NBR exhibited a non-monotonic microhardness response, with an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease during further conditioning; after six months, the microhardness remained higher than that of the reference material. Isolated microcracks became visible after six months. In contrast, CR showed a general decrease in microhardness and earlier surface changes, including increased roughness and micropore formation. Its tensile strength decreased from approximately 1.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa after six months, corresponding to a reduction of about 33%, although force at break partially recovered during the later conditioning period. FTIR analysis revealed only limited chemical changes. Overall, the two materials exhibited distinct time-dependent responses, with NBR retaining greater mechanical and morphological stability than CR under the investigated conditions. Although barrier performance was not assessed directly, the observed defects may increase susceptibility to damage during use, highlighting the importance of appropriate storage, stock rotation, and pre-use inspection.

New technologies for manufacturing protective gloves and footwear using innovative materials, 3D printing technology and modification of carbon-based nanofillers were discussed, based on research conducted at the Hand and Foot Protection Laboratory at the Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB). The focus was on improving mechanical, thermal, and electrostatic properties, as well as new research methods, including chemical degradation assessment, to create more durable and functional personal protective equipment.