This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of 26 natural honey samples collected from different regions of Kazakhstan. The main objective was to assess honey quality in accordance with GOST 19792–2017 standards and to establish a reliable database that could serve as the foundation for developing organic beekeeping practices in the country. The analysis included the determination of moisture content, reducing sugars, sucrose, free acidity, pH level, and diastase activity. The results demonstrated that the majority of samples complied with national standards and exhibited attributes of maturity and authenticity. Reducing sugar content ranged from 73.04% to 98.78%, with several samples exceeding the international Codex Alimentarius minimum threshold of 65%, confirming their natural composition. Diastase activity reached up to 33.29 Göthe units, indicating high enzymatic activity and the absence of heat treatment. Nevertheless, certain deviations were observed: in some samples sucrose levels approached the upper permissible limit, while diastase numbers fell below 5 Göthe units, suggesting possible technological impact or prolonged storage. Acidity values (12–46 meq/kg) and pH levels (3.72–4.74) remained within acceptable ranges, reflecting stable microbiological conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of regional monitoring of honey quality and support the development of a national certification system for organic honey in Kazakhstan. The results also highlight the export potential of Kazakh honey and demonstrate the capacity of specific regions to produce high-quality, mature, and enzymatically active honey suitable for organic certification

В данной статье проводится исследование породной принадлежности медоносных пчел, которые разводятся в одном из хозяйств на юге Казахстана. Основной целью работы является выявление особенностей породного состава и их влияния на продуктивность пчелосемей. Для этого были изучены морфометрические характеристики крыльев пчел, включая такие показатели, как кубитальный индекс, гантельный индекс и дискоидальное смещение. Методы исследования включали использование современных технологий морфометрии, позволяющих с высокой точностью анализировать параметры крыльев. Были собраны и проанализированы данные с помощью специализированных программ и статистических методов, что обеспечило объективность и достоверность результатов. На основе полученных данных было установлено наличие значительного разнообразия морфометрических характеристик среди исследованных пчел. Выявлена их корреляция с породными особенностями, что открывает новые возможности для определения оптимальных пород медоносных пчел для разведения в конкретных климатических условиях региона. Результаты исследования подчеркивают важность изучения генетических и морфологических особенностей пчел для повышения их продуктивности и адаптационных способностей.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ecological zones and honey bee morphometric characteristics on the physicochemical properties of honey produced in different regions of Kazakhstan. A total of 103 honey samples were collected and analyzed for key quality parameters, including moisture content, sugars, acidity, pH, and diastase activity. Multivariate statistical approaches, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), were applied to assess variability and underlying patterns. Geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape (MorphoJ) revealed a high degree of morphological homogeneity across all samples, with no distinct clustering in PCA space. This was further supported by canonical variate analysis (CVA) using IdentiFly, which assigned the majority of samples to the C lineage (Apis mellifera carnica) with high classification probability, indicating a uniform population structure. MANOVA results demonstrated that neither ecological zone nor morphometric traits exerted a significant global effect on honey physicochemical properties (p > 0.05). However, significant interaction effects were identified between ecological zone and specific morphometric variables, particularly sternite length and cubital index (p < 0.05), suggesting a context-dependent influence.