Objective To evaluate the quality of studies reporting clinical and surgical outcomes of meningiomas and trigeminal schwannomas treated with the endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA), and to develop a Reporting Guideline to enhance reproducibility, data pooling and comparability. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 2025. We included studies reporting patients with meningiomas or trigeminal schwannomas that were treated with ETOA. Reporting quality was assessed across nine domains: (1) patient baseline characteristics; (2) imaging methods and tumor features; (3) definitions of pivotal concepts; (4) neurosurgical/interventional team characteristics; (5) anesthetic protocol; (6) surgical procedure details; (7) clinical and procedural outcomes, including adverse events; (8) retreatment details; and (9) funding and conflicts of interest. Additionally, baseline characteristics of the included studies were extracted to contextualize our analysis. Results Thirteen observational studies comprising 310 patients (81.6% meningiomas, 18.4% trigeminal schwannomas) were included. Critical appraisal revealed consistent shortcomings across all nine domains, highlighting major gaps in the current literature. The main gaps included the lack of reporting previous comorbidities, tumor classification, clear definitions of perioperative complications, morbidity, and mortality, as well as anesthesia related details. Additional gaps included limited reporting on symptom duration, elective versus emergency status, intraoperative and postoperative complications – particularly hemorrhage, mortality, and its underlying causes. Based on these findings, we developed the Endoscopic Transorbital Approach Reporting Guideline, comprising 70 items across the nine domains, designed to standardize reporting of surgical and clinical outcomes. Conclusion This systematic review revealed substantial methodological and reporting deficiencies, which undermine the reliability of current evidence and constrain the advancement of knowledge in this field. The proposed Reporting Guideline provides a structured framework to address these shortcomings and to improve transparency, reproducibility, and comparability in future research, ultimately strengthening the evidence base and improving patient care.

Endoscopic techniques have enabled minimally invasive approaches in neurosurgery, providing shorter recovery times and favorable outcomes. Among these, the endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) has emerged as a versatile surgical modality. Despite the growing body of evidence, complication rates associated with ETOA have not yet been systematically evaluated. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 2026. We included studies enrolling ≥ 5 patients who underwent ETOA as the sole surgical modality to treat both skull base and orbital lesions, providing data on early or long-term complications. A single-group meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic and further explored through Baujat plots and sensitivity analyses. A total of 11 observational studies, comprising 269 patients, were included. Overall, 21 different pathologies were reported. Meningioma represented the most frequent lesion (60.6% of cases), followed by schwannoma (12.0%), cavernous hemangioma (4.6%), and glioma (2.7%). Mean follow-up was 27.6 ± 15.1 months. CSF leak was observed in 1% (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04, I² = 46.5%), and wound infection was observed in 3% (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.07, I²=0%). Ptosis occurred in 4% (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.14, I²=79.4%) and diplopia occurred in 6% (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.14, I²=68.9%). Medial gaze palsy occurred in 9% (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.18, I²=8.8%). Improvement in visual function was seen in 47% (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.73, I²=88.7%). Visual dysfunction occurred in 1% (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04, I²=48.6%). Transient facial numbness occurred in 16% (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.25, I²=35.0%). Mortality was 0% (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.02, I²=28.7%). ETOA is a safe and promising technique for managing a wide range of skull base and orbital lesions. Future prospective and comparative studies are needed to refine indications and validate its long-term efficacy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bypass surgery is an important option for treating complex intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and Moyamoya disease (MMD), particularly when conventional approaches are insufficient. However, the literature remains heterogeneous, with important limitations in reporting quality that hinder reproducibility and comparability. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence and propose a reporting guideline to improve transparency and methodological rigor. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies were observational or randomized studies reporting clinical and/or surgical outcomes of bypass for IAs or MMD, including a sample size of ≥3 patients, and published in English between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2025. Assessment focused on key domains: (1) Assessment of reported baseline characteristics; (2) assessment and reporting on imaging methods and pathology characteristics; (3) reporting on pivotal concept definitions; (4) reporting on neurosurgeon(s) and staff characteristics; (5) reporting on the anesthetic protocol; (6) reporting on vascular procedure details; (7) reporting on antiaggregant and anticoagulation protocol; (8) assessing and reporting on clinical and surgical outcomes, besides adverse events; (9) reporting on retreatment details; and (10) funding and conflicts of interest declarations. RESULTS: Thirty studies were included. Our assessment revealed substantial reporting gaps across all domains pertinent to bypass. A bypass reporting guideline was developed and organized into 10 domains, featuring a pragmatic checklist composed of one common domain and disease-specific sections for IA and MMD. The guideline emphasizes detailed technical reporting, graft patency assessment and verification, perioperative antithrombotic management, and standardized clinical and radiological outcome measures. CONCLUSION: This systematic review on bypass surgery for IA and MMD identified substantial methodological and reporting limitations that compromise evidence quality and comparability. The proposed reporting guideline provides a structured framework to address these gaps, enhancing transparency, reproducibility, and standardization, with the potential to strengthen the evidence base and improve patient care.

Introduction Monitoring the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and its impact on different aspects is es-sential. Objective To assess functional capacity and as-sociated factors up to one year after hospital discharge in COVID-19 survivors. Methods This cross-sectional study included individuals aged 18 years or older, re-sidents of a medium city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, who required hospitalization. Data collection was performed through home visits, face-to-face interviews, and physical tests, which assessed a set of sociodemographic, clinical, and health characteristics. The primary outcomes were func-tional status and muscle strength assessed by the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale and the Medical Re-search Council Score. Analyses were performed using crude and adjusted logistic regression models. Results Of the 160 individuals, the majority were female (53.1%), white (71.9%), with a mean age of 64 years. Functional limitations were identified in 67.5% (95%CI 46.2 - 70.2) of the sample, with 50.9% (95%CI: 41.8 - 60.0) present-ing changes in muscle strength, 10% of which (95%CI 5.8 - 17.0) presented muscle weakness. An association was found between greater functional limitation and diagnosis of respiratory diseases (p = 0.002). Changes in muscle strength were associated with female gender (p = 0.009), diagnosis of sarcopenia (p = 0.036), smoking (p = 0.022) and need for orotracheal intubation (p = 0.009). Conclusion It was observed that, within one year after hospital discharge, individuals presented significant functional limitations, with more than half present-ing some type of muscle strength impairment and a portion showing signs of muscle weakness.