Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have revolutionized various industries due to their adaptability, efficiency, and capability to operate in diverse environments. However, conventional UAV designs face trade-offs between flight endurance and maneuverability. This study explores the design, analysis, and optimization of a biplane quadrotor UAV, integrating the vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capabilities of multirotors with the aerodynamic efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft to enhance flight endurance while maintaining high maneuverability. The UAV’s structural design incorporates biplane wings with different NACA airfoil configurations (NACA4415, NACA0015, and NACA0012) to assess their impact on drag reduction, stress distribution, and flight efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent 2023 R2 (Canonsburg, PA, USA).reveal that the NACA0012 airfoil achieves the highest drag reduction (75.29%), making it the most aerodynamically efficient option. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) further demonstrates that NACA4415 exhibits the lowest structural stress (95.45% reduction), ensuring greater durability and load distribution. Additionally, a hybrid flight control system, combining Backstepping Control (BSC) and Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control (ITSMC), is implemented to optimize transition stability and trajectory tracking. The results confirm that the biplane quadrotor UAV significantly outperforms conventional quadcopters in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, structural integrity, and energy consumption, making it a promising solution for surveillance, cargo transport, and long-endurance missions. Future research will focus on material enhancements, real-world flight testing, and adaptive control strategies to further refine UAV performance in practical applications.

Electrocardiogram reports are an important component of cardiovascular diagnostics, routinely generated in hospitals and clinical settings to monitor cardiac activity and guide medical decision-making. ECG reports often consist of structured waveform data accompanied by free-text interpretations written by clinicians. Although the waveform data can be analyzed using signal processing techniques, the unstructured text component contains rich, contextual insights into diagnoses, conditions, and patient-specific observations that are not easily captured by conventional methods. Extracting meaningful patterns from clinical narratives poses significant challenges. In this work, we present an unsupervised framework for exploring and analyzing ECG diagnostic reports using transformer-based language modeling and clustering techniques. We use the domain-specific language model BioBERT to encode text-based ECG reports into dense vector representations that capture the semantics of medical language. These embeddings are subsequently standardized and subjected to a series of clustering algorithms, including KMeans, hierarchical clustering, DBSCAN, and K-Medoids, to uncover latent groupings within the data.

The need for a more automated, precise, and integrated antenna measurement system has become urgent. The main objective of this research is to develop and test an automatic antenna measurement system based on LabVIEW that can improve the accuracy and efficiency of measuring the gain and radiation pattern of a 4x1 microstrip antenna. This research is a study of the development and validation of an experimental system using a 4×1 microstrip antenna array as the research subject, with an automatic measurement system based on an Arduino microcontroller (AT-Mega328) and stepper motor, as well as LabVIEW software for instrument control, data acquisition, real-time transmission, and user interface. Data collection was performed automatically via a roll-over-azimuth rotator. In data analysis, the results of the automatic system were quantitatively compared with CST simulation results and a semi-automatic system using 2D correlation coefficients and gain differences. At the same time, the benefits of improved time efficiency were also measured. The findings of this research indicate that the developed automatic measurement system provides a practical, efficient, and cost-effective solution for educational laboratories and industrial antenna testing, with potential for further development to support higher frequency ranges and three-dimensional measurements. The findings of this study have implications for improving the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility of microstrip antenna testing and for offering practical and economical solutions for laboratory and industrial needs.