The main purpose of this system is to detect drivers who have consumed alcoholic beverages and if the sensor detects alcohol vapors to block the vehicle’s engine. Mainly, the system is composed of two subsystems: one for detecting the alcohol vapors of the person sitting behind the wheel and one for validating the start of the engine. The alcohol vapor detection system registers alcohol vapors with the help of a sensor placed in the axial direction of the driver’s breath to detect alcohol. The analog signal is sent to the microcontroller system, this through the input converter, it is analyzed and through the CAN network it validates or not the engine start and a numerical message is displayed on the LCD screen. In parallel, a message is displayed by turning on the green LED when a zero or very low concentration of alcohol is measured, yellow for a medium concentration and red for a high concentration of alcohol. Also, at a high concentration of alcohol, the system used will command, by means of a high-current relay, the blocking of the engine start system and, in parallel, the triggering of a buzzer warning sound of an alarm sound signal. When the source of alcohol is removed, after 10 seconds it unlocks the vehicle’s starting device and the engine can be started if the other conditions are met: The system stops the engine if it detects the presence of the signal from the alcohol sensor or from the video or tactile driver fatigue system on the steering wheel

Fatigue, drowsiness while driving a vehicle are dangerous because many people are not aware of the consequences and dangers they are exposed to in road traffic.A system for detecting fatigue while driving a vehicle was created and a software was developed based on the coding of some algorithms for the analysis of the signals received from a VGA camera regarding the closing of the eyes of the vehicle driver. The system generates a signal compatible with the vehicle’s CAN network for the sudden reduction of travel speeds in order to avoid impact with obstacles or collisions between two vehicles in the event that a driver falls asleep at the wheel and heads towards another vehicle.The system is compatible with the specific conditions of the automotive field, an electronic module compatible from the point of view of the environment, the temperature range, the vibration spectrum and the operating conditions, into the memory of which the specialized real-time surveillance software will be loaded

This study investigates the temperature-dependent electrical behavior of 400 F/2.7 V supercapacitors, both at the single cell level and in packs of six cells connected in series (6S configuration), over the temperature range of −20 °C to 58 °C, for further development of sustainable energy storage systems (ESSs). In the context of the increasing share of renewable energy sources and the development of low-environmental-impact storage systems, supercapacitors represent a viable technology due to their high power density, energy efficiency, and extended operational lifespan. The work is motivated by the critical influence of temperature on the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR), voltage stability, and charge–discharge dynamics in real energy storage applications. Experimental characterization was performed using controlled Constant-Current (CC) and Constant-Voltage (CV) charge–discharge cycles with automatic data acquisition, complemented by temperature regulation via thermal chambers. Different parameters like ESR, Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV), and transient current profiles were extracted for each cell, while the pack-level behavior was derived by analyzing the experimental data. Additional investigations have included voltage recovery analysis. The results showed that the capacitance remains largely stable over the entire temperature range investigated, while the ESR exhibits a strong nonlinear dependence, increasing significantly at low temperatures and contributing to a reduced efficiency. A common transition region was identified around the 20–25 °C range, where the system performance is optimal. The voltage recovery increases with temperature, indicating increased ionic mobility and faster charge redistribution. Significant non-uniformity was observed between cells connected in series, with some cells exhibiting higher thermal sensitivity and instability. Optimizing the use of supercapacitors within their operating temperature range may contribute to increasing energy efficiency, to extending system lifespan, and to developing sustainable solutions for modern ESSs. In conclusion, the 6S supercapacitor pack exhibits a strongly temperature-dependent electrochemical dynamics, governed mainly by the ESR and diffusion processes. These findings highlight the need for thermal modeling and integration of balancing strategies in series-connected supercapacitor packs, which can be used for the expansion of the environmental-friendly ESSs.