Growing concerns about environmental pollution and the sustainability of conventional nanomaterial synthesis have accelerated interest in plant-based routes for nanoparticle production. This review provides an in-depth analysis of more than 290 peer-reviewed research and review articles published between 2010 and 2025, extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, on the green synthesis of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts, with particular emphasis on their characterization and application in water treatment. Plant-derived phytochemicals serve as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, enabling nanoparticle formation without hazardous reagents. Key physicochemical characterization techniques, including UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, are evaluated for their roles in confirming nanoparticle structure, morphology, surface chemistry, and optical behavior. The review focuses on water purification applications, highlighting adsorption and photocatalytic degradation as the most extensively investigated removal pathways. Particular attention is given to widely studied material classes such as silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and iron-based nanoparticles, which demonstrate effective removal of heavy metals, synthetic dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical residues. Current limitations related to synthesis reproducibility, mechanistic understanding, stability, and scalability are critically discussed. The review concludes by identifying priority research directions, including standardized synthesis protocols, deeper chemical analysis of plant extracts, and the integration of green nanoparticles into immobilized and membrane-based systems to advance their practical implementation in sustainable water treatment technologies.

A library of thirty-one quinazoline derivatives was assessed as potential inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR) using 3D-QSAR methods, namely Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA). Training and test sets were generated by aligning the molecules to the lowest-energy conformer of the most active compound. The optimized models exhibited strong statistical performance, with R² values of 0.981 (CoMFA) and 0.978 (CoMSIA), and cross-validation coefficients (Q²) of 0.645 and 0.729, respectively. External validation confirmed their predictive power, yielding R² values of 0.929 and 0.909. Guided by these models, eighteen new quinazoline candidates were designed and evaluated for drug likeness and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties using in silico approaches. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations highlighted the binding features and stability of these derivatives, with compound Pred65 demonstrating superior affinity and stability compared to Erlotinib. Collectively, the study provides valuable insights for the optimization of quinazoline scaffolds as EGFR inhibitors, supporting the development of promising anticancer leads.

Leachate accumulation is a major concern for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills as it causes potential harm to public health and poses a significant threat to surface water and local groundwater systems. This article presents the results of analyses on malodorous treatment at the solid waste landfill located in Casablanca, Morocco, using bio-deodorization as a pre-treatment technology. The main goal of this study is to remove odorous gases from landfill leachate. Microbial strains of Bacillus and Pseudomonas were seeded in a leachate pond to treat the odorous emissions from landfill leachate and consequently improve environmental quality and human health. After 28 days of seeding, the results showed that the addition of Bacillus and Pseudomonas greatly reduced the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and the ionic concentration of NH4+ to approximately 27.928 mg/L, 11550.3 mg/L and 1533 mg/L, respectively, with lower energy consumption, resulting in an average overall operational cost of 53.97 USD/m3. In addition, a significant reduction in total nitrogen (32.80%), nitrites (NO2–) (99.82%), nitrates (NO3–) (46.81%) and total phosphorus (49.50%) concentrations was also achieved at a post-treatment environmental pH of 8.5. These findings extend the field of application of biological deodorization and provide new insights into malodorous treatment methods.

This study aims to enhance the optical and electrical performance of GaAs (gallium arsenide) solar cells by incorporating p-type and n-type Al0.3Ga0.7As layers. The physical parameters were simulated by using density functional theory (DFT) through generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for potential exchange-correlation from implementation Win2K code. The SCAPS software and impedance spectroscopy method were also used to investigate the solar cell characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that adding these layers significantly improves efficiency by 31% compared to a standard GaAs pin-junction structure. This enhancement is attributed to optimized light absorption and reflection through doping, leading to a high-performance solar cell.