Background: The study burnout of medical students is more and more serious, which directly affects the study style of university and the learning quality of students. This has aroused the high attention of researchers and universities. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the influence of school climate on academic burnout among medical students in Chinese cultural context.Methods: 2411 medical students (50.52% female; mean age = 19.55,SD = 1.41, rang = 17–24 years) were investigated with psychological environment questionnaire, collective self-esteem scale, psychological capital scale and academic burnout scale. The data were analyzed by using a moderated mediation model with SPSS and the Process 4.0 macro.Results: The results revealed that: (1) school climate had a significant negative predictive effect on academic burnout among medical students controlling for gender, grade and age (B= -0.40,p < 0.001). (2) Collective self-esteem played a partial mediating role in school climate and academic burnout (indirect effect = -0.28, 95% CI = [-0.32,-0.25], accounting for 52.83%). (3) The first and second half of the indirect effect of school climate on medical students’ academic burnout were moderated by psychological capital (B = 0.03,p < 0.01;B= -0.09,p < 0.001).High level of psychological capital can enhance the link between school climate and collective self-esteem as well as the link between self-esteem and academic burnout.Conclusion: Creating a good school atmosphere and improving the level of collective self-esteem and psychological capital are beneficial to improve the academic burnout of medical students.

In this study, we investigate the susceptibility of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus fumigatus using the EUCAST microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method (final tea supernatant concentration range 5.0–0.005 mg/ml) to 23 different teas and tea catechins including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) isolated from green tea. All teas exhibited potent in vitro antifungal activity against C. glabrata. Six out of nine green teas and three of eight black teas had an MIC of 0.078 mg/ml, one white tea had an MIC of 0.156 mg/ml, and finally three of five oolong teas had an MIC of 0.156 mg/ml. Three teas exhibited activity against C. albicans (MIC 1.25 mg/ml), one green tea was active against C. parapsilosis (MIC 1.25 mg/ml), but none were effective against C. krusei, C. tropicalis or A. fumigatus at the concentrations tested. The MIC of EGCG was 0.3125 μg/ml against C. glabrata and 5.0 μg/ml against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. The effect was fungicidal against C. glabrata at higher concentrations. In conclusion, EGCG and other yet undefined substances in tea have differential antifungal activity in vitro against C. glabrata, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. These data indicate that components of tea and EGCG might be useful particularly for the treatment of C. glabrata infections and warrants further investigations.

Coronaviruses are a class of RNA viruses that can cause respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2 [2019‐nCoV]) belong to the family Coronaviridae and the genus Betacoronavirus. At present, the understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 is getting deeper and deeper. In order to better prevent and treat SARS‐CoV‐2, this article compares the infectivity, pathogenicity, and related clinical characteristics of the three human pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV, and MERS‐CoV to help us further understand the pathogenic characteristics of novel coronaviruses.

Bacteria with common microbiological and clinical characteristics are often recognized as a particular group. The acronym HACEK stands for five fastidious genera associated with infective endocarditis (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella). Data on the epidemiology of HACEK are sparse. This article reports a 6-year nationwide study of HACEK bacteraemia in Denmark. Cases of HACEK bacteraemia occurring during the years 2010-2015 were retrieved from the national Danish microbiology database, covering an average surveillance population of 5.6 million per year. A total of 147 cases of HACEK bacteraemia were identified, corresponding to an annual incidence of 0.44 per 100000 population. The annual incidence for males was 0.56 per 100000 and for females was 0.31 per 100000. The median age was 56 years (range 0-97 years), with variation among the genera. One hundred and forty-three isolates were identified to the species level and six to the genus level: Haemophilus spp, n=55; Aggregatibacter spp, n=37; Cardiobacterium spp, n=9; Eikenella corrodens n=21; and Kingella spp, n=27. This is the first study on the incidence of HACEK bacteraemia in a large surveillance population and may inspire further studies on the HACEK group. Haemophilus spp other than Haemophilus influenzae accounted for most cases of HACEK bacteraemia in Denmark, with Aggregatibacter spp in second place.

Aims and objectives: To gain an in‐depth understanding of patients’ preferences regarding two bed bath methods: soap and water and disposable wet wipes.Background: Bed baths allow hospitalised, bedridden patients to stay clean and fresh. They serve a number of purposes: health promotion, social propriety and pure pleasure. Traditionally, soap and water have been used for personal hygiene, but in recent years soap and water have increasingly been replaced by the use of disposable wet wipes.Design: A qualitative study with a hermeneutical‐phenomenological approach was chosen to explore and understand patients’ experiences of bed bath methods.Methods: Semi‐structured, individual, in‐depth interviews with 16 bedridden patients from three wards were conducted. The software program nvivo was used to structure the transcribed interviews and assist in the initial data analysis. The data were analysed and interpreted within a phenomenological‐hermeneutical framework. COREQ guidelines were used in the preparation of this paper (See Supporting information Appendix ).Results: Four overall themes were identified: “Creating a sense of cleanliness,” “Preferences and concerns in different situations,” “Cleanliness of hands and face” and “Clinical decision‐making about bed bath method.”Conclusions: Overall, patients’ bed bath preference was for soap and water, but disposable wet wipes were considered a convenient alternative and preferred in certain circumstances, for example, when a patient had pain or diarrhoea. Shared decision‐making regarding bed bath method is recommended. Hands and face had specific requirements.Relevance to clinical practice: Nursing staff should be aware that bedridden patients have varying preferences, and it is important to incorporate the patients’ preferences in the development of standards, health policies and clinical guidelines for bed bath practices.

Objectives and study design: In this population-based study of 602 patients, we amended C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma albumin (PA) levels around the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and assessed 0–90, 91–365, and +365-day survival. Results: The CRP did not contribute to the IPI's prognostic or discriminatory ability, regardless of time period, particularly not in models with PA. In contrast, the PA was an important contributor, especially in the 0–90 day period, but also up to one year after the diagnosis. For day 0–90, the model with the IPI only had an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) of 0.742, whereas the IPI with PA as a continuous variable rendered an AUROC of 0.841. Especially the lower PA quartile (18–32 g/L) contributed to the worse prognosis. Conclusions: The amendment of PA to the IPI may significantly improve the short-term prognostic and discriminative ability.