Malnutrition is a common problem among hemodialysis patients that increases morbidity and mortality and decreases the quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors and survey the consumption of energy and several nutrients among hemodialysis patients. A prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 76 patients on hemodialysis therapy at Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, for 2 months (from May to July 2022). Dialysis malnutrition score was used to determine patients’ nutritional status. Data about their biochemical parameters were retrieved from records with the newest results. Among the 76 patients, 38 (50.0%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 55.0 ± 13.5 years. Based on the dialysis malnutrition score, 56 (73.7%) patients had mild to moderate malnutrition, while 2 (2.6%) had severe malnutrition. The average energy intake was 21.5 kcal/kg/day, with only 3.9% meeting the recommended intake. The average protein intake was 1.0 g/kg/day, and about 10.5% of participants complied with the recommended protein level. In addition, the majority of patients did not reach the recommendations for sodium (56.6%), potassium (88.2%), phosphate (75.0%), and calcium (82.9%). We found a significant association between patients’ occupation (P < .05), dialysis vintage (P < .001), and malnutrition status. Malnutrition is widespread among Vietnamese hemodialysis patients, which necessitates regular assessment and monitoring. We recommend paying more attention to the nutritional status of patients who are unemployed, retired, or stopped working and those with ≥ 5 years of hemodialysis.

Internet addiction and poor sleep quality are two types of common mental health disorders among high school students. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with internet addiction in high school students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 820 high school students in Dong Hoa town, Phu Yen province in April 2021. The students were requested to fill out a structured questionnaire. internet addiction was evaluated by the short version Internet Addiction Test (s-IAT). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 33.5% among high school students. The proportion of students with internet addiction evaluated by the s-IAT was 21%. The association between internet addiction and poor sleep quality remained statistically significant with p<0,001 (OR=2.98, 95% CI: 2.05-4.34) after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The proportions of internet addiction and poor sleep quality were high and there was an association between them. Students should not use the internet after 9 pm and should spend at least 8 hours each night on sleep.

Malnutrition is common among older inpatients and can lead to severe consequences such as disability, assisted living, increased mortality, and prolonged hospital stays. Given the rapidly aging population in Vietnam, limited data is available regarding the nutritional status of the geriatric. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among the hospitalized elderly. A prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 108 older inpatients at University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Patients aged 60 years or older admitted to the hospital were recruited. Malnutrition was assessed using a validated Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form. Sociodemographic characteristics were measured using interview-administered questionnaires. Data about patients’ biochemical parameters were retrieved from records with the newest results. Among 108 hospitalized patients (mean age 74.6 ± 9.8 years; 50% female), 72.2% of patients had malnutrition (n = 78) while 27.8% had normal nutritional status (n = 30). Age group, education level, cohabitation, serum albumin, hand-drip strength, physical inactivity, and frailty were associated with malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly accounts for a very high proportion. Nutritional status assessment is essential for the elderly; therefore, more attention should be paid to those risk factors in old age health care in order to improve medical outcomes.

Background/Objectives: Vegetable leftovers constitute more than half of Vietnamese school lunch waste, partly due to limited ingredient variety, which may reduce meal acceptance. Methods: This cross-over study assessed the impact of diversifying vegetable options on intake and satisfaction among 40 students at a suburban Vietnamese primary school. Five new menus were developed by redistributing a 100 g vegetable portion into smaller servings of multiple vegetable types, combining them creatively with protein-rich foods or rice while maintaining nutritional value and cost. Students alternated between current and new menus over four weeks. Sensory evaluations using a 5-point hedonic scale and food weighing were conducted daily. Results: Most students increased vegetable intake during the new menu period. Mean intake was significantly higher with new menus (81.5 g; 95%CI: 77.1–85.9) compared to current menus (71.1 g; 95%CI: 65.2–75.1) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that enhancing vegetable variety in combination can significantly improve intake and sensory characteristics without additional costs. This scalable strategy offers a practical solution for schools to foster healthier eating habits among students.

Sarcopenia is a prevalent complication among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), contributing to increased mortality, decreased quality of life, and higher healthcare costs. Despite its clinical significance, research on sarcopenia in MHD patients remains limited in Vietnam. This study aims to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors among MHD patients. This cross-sectional study included 106 patients undergoing MHD at Ho Chi Minh City’s Hospital for Rehabilitation – Professional Diseases, Vietnam. Sarcopenia was assessed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, including handgrip strength, 6-meter walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0, and factors associated with sarcopenia were analyzed using prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among the study participants, 44 (41.5%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Older age (≥60 years; P < .001, PR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.22–0.58), unemployment ( P = .003, PR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.56), dialysis vintage ( P = .037, PR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03–2.58), cardiovascular disease ( P = .020, PR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.09–2.58), low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m ² ; P = .011, PR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.14–2.79), and low serum albumin levels (<35 g/L; P = .007, PR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.18–2.74) were significant associated with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among MHD patients and is associated with older age, unemployment, dialysis vintage, cardiovascular disease, low body mass index, and low serum albumin levels. These findings highlight the need for early screening, nutritional interventions, and physical activity programs to mitigate the progression of sarcopenia in this population.

Background/Objectives: Exercise and nutrition are central to sarcopenia management, but Vietnamese evidence is limited. We compared exercise intervention (Ex) alone and Ex plus nutritional support against health education. Methods: In this study, a three-arm, parallel-group cluster-randomized controlled trial, three communities in Can Gio District were randomly selected and assigned 1:1:1 (one per arm) to health-education control, Ex, or combined intervention. Before allocation, 30 adults aged 60–70 years with AWGS 2019-defined sarcopenia were randomly selected from screening lists within each community (n = 90). Both active arms underwent 24 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise, with weekly supervised sessions during weeks 1–12 and less-supervised home exercise thereafter. The combined arm also received weekly individualized nutrition counseling and a daily multinutrient oral supplement (270 kcal; 11 g protein) during weeks 1–12. Outcomes at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were analyzed using sex-adjusted participant-level linear mixed-effects models. Results: At 24 weeks, adjusted differences in change (95% CIs) for Ex versus control and combined versus control were, respectively, 0.12 (0.02–0.22) and 0.01 (−0.09–0.11) kg/m² for the skeletal muscle index; 2.49 (1.57–3.42) and 2.23 (1.30–3.15) kg for handgrip strength; and 0.206 (0.132–0.279) and 0.053 (−0.017–0.123) m/s for gait speed. Conclusions: Both active communities showed better handgrip strength than control; only the Ex community showed a gait-speed advantage, while muscle-mass changes were modest. With one cluster per arm, treatment and community were confounded; definitive treatment effects and the independent contribution of nutrition cannot be determined. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07761091 (retrospectively registered on 12 August 2026).