Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, para a população com 60 anos e mais, residente no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, a associação entre mortalidade e estado marital. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram utilizados os dados do Estudo SABE: Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), realizado nos anos 2000 e 2006, e modelos de Regressão de Poisson foram estimados, levando-se, em consideração, a variação do tempo de risco de morte. No geral, os resultados indicam que, entre os idosos paulistanos do sexo masculino, a taxa de mortalidade dos solteiros é 61% maior que a taxa de mortalidade observada para os casados. Por sua vez, a separação/divórcio ou a viuvez parece elevar a chance de morte das mulheres idosas analisadas. No geral, idosas separadas e viúvas apresentaram taxas de mortalidade 82% e 35% maiores que a observada para as casadas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos fatores associados à sobrevivência dos idosos, além de subsidiar políticas de saúde voltadas para esse contingente populacional.

O método de relação de coortes é um método demográfico utilizado para projeções populacionais por sexo e idade para pequenas áreas. Porém, devido a instabilidade dos eventos demográficos em áreas menores, o método produz resultados pouco razoáveis para alguns grupos de idade. Neste artigo aplicamos um estimador contração, bayesiano empírico, para reduzir a instabilidade nas estimativas dos fatores diferenciais de crescimento do método em áreas menores. Ao aplicarmos o método de relação de coortes, ajustado pelo bayesiano empírico, para projeções populacionais municipais no Brasil entre 2000 e 2010, observamos uma redução na variabilidade das estimativas por idade. Além disso, o método reduziu o erro percentual absoluto médio das populações projetadas nesse decênio comparativamente aos resultados obtidos com a aplicação do método original proposto por Duchesne (1989), especialmente nos grupos etários de adultos e idosos.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the concepts of "Computer Literacy," "Digital Literacy," and "Digital Competence" to outline three dimensions for digital skills, complementing the studies of Van Deursen and Van Dijk (2014). Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework was based on the studies of Van Deursen and Van Dijk (2014) that already addressed the theme of digital skills, but the present study sought to deepen and complement these investigations, exploring in more depth the concepts of "Computer Literacy," "Digital Literacy," and "Digital Competence." Methodology: The methodology included a search for articles in the Web of Science database, with a hundred citations or more that used the terms "Computer Literacy," "Digital Literacy," and "Digital Competence." From this search, Content Analysis was conducted with the technique of Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: The results led to the creation of a framework with the main mentions about each selected term, organizing and systematizing the dimensions for digital skills. Conclusion: The research concluded that the three dimensions are interdependent, and a model that highlights their interconnections and overlaps can provide a clearer structure for the study of digital skills. Research implications: The research has practical implications, as the developed framework simplifies and operationalizes the concepts of "Computer Literacy," "Digital Literacy," and "Digital Competence," making them easier to understand and apply. This can help educators and professionals develop more effective teaching and training programs to improve individuals' digital skills. Originality/value: The originality and value of the research lie in the creation of a framework that systematizes and simplifies the concepts of digital skills, contributing to a better understanding and application of these concepts in the context of lifelong digital learning.

Dengue fever is endemic in Asia, the Americas, the East of the Mediterranean and the Western Pacific. According to the World Health Organization, it is one of the diseases of greatest impact on health, affecting millions of people each year worldwide. A fast detection of increases in populations of the transmitting vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is essential to avoid dengue outbreaks. Unfortunately, in several countries, such as Brazil, the current methods for detecting populations changes and disseminating this information are too slow to allow efficient allocation of resources to fight outbreaks. To reduce the delay in providing the information regarding A. aegypti population changes, we propose, develop, and evaluate a system for counting the eggs found in special traps and to provide the collected data using a web structure with geographical location resources. One of the most useful tools for the detection and surveillance of arthropods is the ovitrap, a special trap built to collect the mosquito eggs. This allows for an egg counting process, which is still usually performed manually, in countries such as Brazil. We implement and evaluate a novel system for automatically counting the eggs found in the ovitraps’ cardboards. The system we propose is based on digital image processing (DIP) techniques, as well as a Web based Semi-Automatic Counting System (SCSA-WEB). All data collected are geographically referenced in a geographic information system (GIS) and made available on a Web platform. The work was developed in Gama’s administrative region, in Brasília/Brazil, with the aid of the Environmental Surveillance Directory (DIVAL-Gama) and Brasília’s Board of Health (SSDF), in partnership with the University of Brasília (UnB). The system was built based on a field survey carried out during three months and provided by health professionals. These professionals provided 84 cardboards from 84 ovitraps, sized 15 × 5 cm. In developing the system, we conducted the following steps: i. Obtain images from the eggs on an ovitrap’s cardboards, with a microscope. ii. Apply a proposed image-processing-based semi-automatic counting system. The system we developed uses the Java programming language and the Java Server Faces technology. This is a framework suite for web applications development. This approach will allow a simple migration to any Operating System platform and future applications on mobile devices. iii. Collect and store all data into a Database (DB) and then georeference them in a GIS. The Database Management System used to develop the DB is based on PostgreSQL. The GIS will assist in the visualization and spatial analysis of digital maps, allowing the location of Dengue outbreaks in the region of study. This will also facilitate the planning, analysis, and evaluation of temporal and spatial epidemiology, as required by the Brazilian Health Care Control Center. iv. Deploy the SCSA-WEB, DB and GIS on a single Web platform. Obtain images from the eggs on an ovitrap’s cardboards, with a microscope. Apply a proposed image-processing-based semi-automatic counting system. The system we developed uses the Java programming language and the Java Server Faces technology. This is a framework suite for web applications development. This approach will allow a simple migration to any Operating System platform and future applications on mobile devices. Collect and store all data into a Database (DB) and then georeference them in a GIS. The Database Management System used to develop the DB is based on PostgreSQL. The GIS will assist in the visualization and spatial analysis of digital maps, allowing the location of Dengue outbreaks in the region of study. This will also facilitate the planning, analysis, and evaluation of temporal and spatial epidemiology, as required by the Brazilian Health Care Control Center. Deploy the SCSA-WEB, DB and GIS on a single Web platform. The statistical results obtained by DIP were satisfactory when compared with the SCSA-WEB’s semi-automated eggs count. The results also indicate that the time spent in manual counting has being considerably reduced when using our fully automated DIP algorithm and semi-automated SCSA-WEB. The developed georeferencing Web platform proves to be of great support for future visualization with statistical and trace analysis of the disease. The analyses suggest the efficiency of our algorithm for automatic eggs counting, in terms of expediting the work of the laboratory technician, reducing considerably its time and error counting rates. We believe that this kind of integrated platform and tools can simplify the decision making process of the Brazilian Health Care Control Center.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores associados a quedas em idosos comunitários com diagnóstico de catarata. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal e analítica. A amostra se constituiu de idosos comunitários residentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico; Timed Up and Go; Short Battery Performance Test; a Plataforma de Equilíbrio Biodex Balance System; o Índice de Katz, escala de Lawton; Mini-Exame do Estado Mental; e os critérios de fragilidade de John Hopkins Medical Institutions. Para análise empregou-se regressão logística binária. Participaram 142 idosos (85 destes com catarata), com média de idade de 69,39 anos (± 5,67). Observou-se associação das quedas com sexo feminino (OR:4,45) e pontuação submáxima no SPPB (OR:3,53) entre os pacientes com catarata, ao passo que a presença de multimorbidades (OR:5,10) foi o fator de risco para os idosos sem catarata. Os dados sugerem fatores de risco diferentes para idosos com diagnóstico de catarata.