After Russo-Japanese War, Harbin’s urban construction and development have been greatly affected. This paper takes the urban construction and planning of Harbin as the research object from 1904 to 1907. Research on the following issues. How did Harbin’s urban development changed during the Russo-Japanese War? How did the postwar chaos affect Harbin’s society? What are the new urban problems, challenges and solutions? What is the development trend of urban land transaction in this period? This paper attempts to present the social, economic and construction conditions of Harbin in wartime, and to interpret the background and content of the urban planning scheme in 1906. Through the above contents, it reflects the characteristics of Harbin’s urban construction and planning in this special historical period.