This study evaluates the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wastewater—comprising domestic sewage and agricultural drainage water—both before and after treatment to assess the efficiency of the applied processes. The physical properties, including total suspended solids (TSS) and color, demonstrated significant improvements post-treatment, with TSS reduction reaching 91.4% and color removal at 99.5%, indicating the effectiveness of ultrafiltration and coagulation techniques. Chemically, the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration decreased from 838.2 to 375.5 mg·L⁻¹, aligning with environmental standards and ensuring suitability for irrigation. Additional reductions were observed in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with removal efficiencies of 86.5% and 83.7%, respectively, highlighting the system’s capability in reducing organic pollutants. Biologically, the treatment process achieved 99.9% removal efficiencies for both Total Coliform and E. coli, meeting world health organization (WHO) guidelines for microbial safety. The water quality index (WQI) analysis classified the treated water in the “Excellent” category, demonstrating an overall enhancement in water quality. Beyond these performance evaluations, this study introduces a novel approach by employing conventional treatment techniques on a blended wastewater—comprising domestic sewage and agricultural drainage water—operated under real operational conditions to achieve safe and sustainable irrigation reuse. This study hypothesizes that the synergistic integration of ultrafiltration with sodium hypochlorite disinfection—without relying on biological treatment—can significantly enhance water quality for sustainable irrigation.

The reuse of treated wastewater for landscape irrigation offers an important strategy for reducing freshwater demand in water-scarce environments, but its long-term effects on drip irrigation systems, soil quality, and plant performance require integrated assessment. This study evaluated a 24-month drip-irrigation experiment using freshwater (FW) and treated wastewater (TW) to irrigate Duranta erecta as a landscape hedge. Hydraulic performance, soil chemical properties, plant growth, and relative leaf chlorophyll were monitored, and an Integrated Drip Irrigation System Sustainability Index (IDISSI) was developed to integrate hydraulic, soil, and plant-performance indicators. Treated wastewater caused greater deterioration in emitter performance, with relative emitter discharge decreasing to 70.286% after 24 months compared with 94.962% under FW, while emitter clogging reached 29.714% under TW compared with 5.038% under FW. Soil salinity also increased under TW, with EC in the 0–30 cm layer increasing from 1.28 to 1.46 dS m⁻¹, whereas it decreased to 1.24 dS m⁻¹ under FW. Despite these changes, plant height reached 100 cm under both irrigation treatments by 9 months, and relative leaf chlorophyll showed no significant difference between water sources (p = 0.7246). After 24 months, IDISSI was 0.802 ± 0.024 under FW and 0.407 ± 0.026 under TW (p < 0.001), with the largest difference arising from the hydraulic component. The findings demonstrate that satisfactory plant performance may coexist with deterioration in irrigation-system and soil indicators, highlighting the importance of integrating hydraulic, soil, and plant responses when assessing the long-term performance of treated-wastewater drip irrigation.