Trigonelline (TRG) as a polar hydrophilic alkaloid is extracted from many plant species, for example, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sepapea, Coffea sp, Pissum sativum, Glycine max, and Lycopersicon esculentum. Numerous biological activities have been reported for TRG such as protection of heart and liver and treatment of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, nervous and hormonal disorders, and cancers. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize some information about TRG's biosynthesis pathway, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, and analytical techniques to introduce TRG as an alternative choice to treat the various diseases. However, current evidence is still inadequate for introducing TRG as a novel drug, and it is necessary to examine more clinical trials to determine its acute and chronic side effects, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, and mechanisms of action.

The antihypertensive drug amlodipine has been characterized voltammetrically in a carbon paste electrode by means of anodic stripping voltammetry. An adsorptive stripping method in a carbon paste...

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used to separate amoxicillin from aqueous media. The parameters affecting amoxicillin adsorption such as pH, temperature, time, interferences of similar molecules, and the amount of adsorbent used were studied. Amoxicillin adsorption using MWCNT was compared to that using Fullerene C60 and activated carbon (AC). The adsorption efficiency of 0.1 and 0.2 g of MWCNT using in a continuous mode were 86.5% and 87.9%, respectively. Evaluation of the adsorbent capacity showed that each gram of MWCNT can absorb 22.9 mg amoxicillin. The effect of pH was studied over the range 2–8 and revealed that adsorption of the amoxicillin at the initial pH of 4.6 was more effective than any other pH. The adsorption of amoxicillin on MWCNT was much greater than Fullerene C60 and AC. Adsorption data showed that they were best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm.