Perkütan nefrolitotomi (PNL), böbrek taşlarının çıkarılması için önemli bir yaklaşımdır. Perkütan nefrostomi drenaj tüpü yerleştirilmesi, PNL ameliyatı sonrası ekstravazasyonu önlemek ve hemostazı sağlama amacıyla yapılır. Bu vakada da tek taraflı PNL ameliyatı sonrasında hemostaz sağlama amacıyla takılan inferior vena kavaya uzanan nefrostomi tüpünün başarılı şekilde konservatif olarak çekilmesini bildireceğiz. Bizim vakamızda olduğu gibi bazen, kateter böbrek parankimini perfore edebilir ve renal vene hatta vena kavaya kadar uzanabilir. Vakamızda nefrostomi tüpü inferior vena cava (İVC) içerisinde yer almaktaydı. Kontrol altına alamadığımız olası masif kanama durumunda Kalp Damar Cerrahisi-Girişimsel Radyoloji ekibinin de bulunduğu vakada floroskopi altında katater çekilmesi uygulandı. Hastanın takiplerinde bir sıkıntı izlenmedi ve başarıyla taburcu edildi.

Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men. While transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the traditional surgical standard, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) has emerged as a safe and effective alternative. Evidence comparing both techniques in small prostates (<50 mL) remains limited. Methods: This retrospective study included male patients aged 40-80 years who underwent bipolar TURP (B-TURP) or HoLEP between 2023 and 2025 for LUTS refractory to medical therapy, with prostate volume .05). Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate showed longer operative time, greater irrigation use, and higher resected tissue weight/percentage (P = .03, .02, <.001, <.001), while hospital stay and catheterization were shorter (both P < .001). Both procedures improved Qmax and IPSS and reduced PVR (all P < .001); the increase in Qmax was greater in HoLEP (P = .025). Conclusion: Both B-TURP and HoLEP are safe and effective for small prostates; however, HoLEP offers advantages in resected tissue weight, Qmax improvement, and shorter hospital stay/catheterization. Cite this article as: G.lbaşı A, Elmaağa. B, Bi.er H, .zercan AY, Günal S, Keske M. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate vs. bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate for small-volume prostates: A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes. Urol Res Pract. 2025;51(6):225-229.

Objective: Symptomatic hydronephrosis occurs in a small subset of pregnancies and may require temporary drainage when conservative management fails. Ureteral Double-J stenting (DJS) is an effective intervention, yet data on maternal and fetal outcomes remain limited. To evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes following DJS placement for symptomatic hydronephrosis during pregnancy and to identify clinical factors associated with stent revision.Material and Methods: This retrospective, single-center cohort was conducted at Kayseri City Hospital, Departments of Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology (Turkey) between January 2020 and October 2025. Thirty-one pregnant patients who underwent DJS placement for symptomatic hydronephrosis (without obstructive ureteral calculi) were included. Demographic, clinical, and perinatal data were collected from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was a composite adverse perinatal outcome (preterm delivery <37 weeks and/or neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission and/or 5-minute Apgar score <7). Secondary outcomes included stent revision and hospital stay. Descriptive statistics and exploratory comparisons were performed.Results: Mean maternal age was 26.2±6.3 years. The mean maximum anteroposterior (AP) diameter was 21.6±8.4 mm, with AP ≥20 mm in 14 patients (45.2%). Stent revision was required in 4 patients (12.9%). Preterm birth occurred in 5 patients (16.2%), NICU admission in 3 patients (9.7%), and mean birth weight was 2884±324 g. Earlier gestational age at stent insertion was significantly associated with stent revision (p=0.017).Conclusion: DJS placement for symptomatic hydronephrosis during pregnancy is generally safe and effective, with favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Early gestational stenting may increase revision risk, emphasizing close follow-up, infection surveillance, and timely reassessment of stent function.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by patients and clinicians to obtain medical information, yet their performance may change over time as models are updated. Male infertility is a guideline-sensitive field in which inaccurate or incomplete information may affect diagnostic evaluation, counseling, and treatment expectations. This study evaluated the year-on-year evolution of ChatGPT, Perplexity, and DeepSeek in responding to guideline-derived male infertility questions between 2025 and 2026. Results: A total of 528 chatbot responses were evaluated from 88 European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline-derived male infertility questions answered by ChatGPT, Perplexity, and DeepSeek in 2025 and 2026. In 2025, significant inter-model differences were observed across all four scored domains, with Perplexity achieving the highest content-quality and expert-rated scores and DeepSeek showing the weakest performance. In 2026, DISCERN scores converged across models, whereas significant differences persisted for readability, Global Quality Score, and expert opinion. ChatGPT showed significant improvement across all four scored domains and achieved the highest Global Quality Score in 2026. DeepSeek demonstrated the most pronounced improvement, particularly in DISCERN and expert opinion scores. Perplexity improved in readability but did not show a parallel positive change in Global Quality Score or expert-rated clinical usefulness. Potential patient-safety concerns were identified in seven of the 88 DeepSeek responses from 2025, whereas no such concern was identified in the 2026 responses. None of the 528 responses contained an explicit recommendation considered likely to cause immediate or serious patient harm. Conclusions: Performance changed in a model-specific rather than uniformly progressive manner. The findings represent sampled first-pass responses to clearly formulated guideline-derived questions rather than stable estimates of model performance or reproducibility. LLMs may support access to male infertility information, but verification against authoritative sources and appropriate human oversight remain necessary.