The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been linked to the development and progression of different cancers. One such lncRNA is ABHD11 antisense RNA 1 (ABHD11-AS1), which has recently gained attention for its significant role in human malignancies. ABHD11-AS1 is highly expressed in gastric, lung, breast, colorectal, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, endometrium, cervix, and bladder cancers. Several reports highlighted the clinical significance of ABHD11-AS1 in prognosis, diagnosis, prediction of cancer progression stage, and treatment response. Significantly, the levels of ABHD11-AS1 in gastric juice had been exhibited as a clinical biomarker for the assessment of gastric cancer, while its serum levels have prognostic potential in thyroid cancers. The ABHD11-AS1 has been reported to exert oncogenic effects by sponging different microRNAs (miRNAs), altering signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, epigenetic mechanisms, and N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) RNA modification. In contrast, the mouse homolog of AHD11-AS1 (Abhd11os) overexpression had exhibited neuroprotective effects against mutant huntingtin-induced toxicity. Considering the emerging research reports, the authors attempted in this first review on ABHD11-AS1 to summarize and highlight its oncogenic potential and clinical significance in different human cancers. Lastly, we underlined the necessity for future mechanistic studies to unravel the role of ABHD11-AS1 in tumor development, prognosis, progression, and targeted therapeutic approaches.

Background: With an emphasis on current developments and potential future perspectives in therapeutic applications, this comprehensive review delves into the molecular mechanisms of signaling transduction pathways associated with pharmacological target molecules. Since these pathways are essential to the cellular response to pharmacological drugs, understanding them is necessary for developing effective treatments. The notion of cellular signaling and the range of signaling pathways that control important cellular functions are first explained in this chapter. It highlights the intricate interactions between the essential elements of signaling pathways, such as effectors, ligands, receptors, and intercellular messengers. Main body: It explores the activation and subsequent signaling events of several receptors, including intracellular nuclear, t-kinase, GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptors), and ionic receptors. We reviewed innovative methods that have sped up the discovery of new drug targets and clarified intricate signaling networks, like X-ray crystallography, advanced Cryo-EM (Cryo-Electron Microscopy), high-throughput screening, allosteric modulations, Artificial intelligence, and machine learning. This review attempts to explain the clear pathway of drug target molecules for novel, focused treatments that improve patient outcomes and further the field of drug development by combining existing knowledge and suggesting future research avenues. Conclusion: Prospects for the future highlight the value of interdisciplinary teams in addressing these issues, encouraging advancements in combination therapies and tailored delivery systems that can get around current drawbacks in traditional therapy. In a rapidly changing biomedical landscape, this review seeks to shed light on pathways toward more effective, customized therapies that address the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Ultimately, it hopes to improve patient care and therapeutic outcomes by synthesizing current knowledge and suggesting strategic research directions. Graphical