Herein, we report a facile procedure to synthesize the hybrid magnetic catalyst (Ru@CS-CR@Mn) using ruthenium (Ru) supported on ionically cross-linked chitosan-carrageenan (CS-CR) and manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles with excellent catalytic activity. The ionic gelation of CS-CR is acting as a protecting layer to promote the encapsulation of MnFe₂O₄ and Ru nanoparticles by electrostatic interactions. The presence of an active metal and a CS-CR layer on the as-prepared Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst was well determined by a series of physicochemical analyses. Subsequently, the catalytic performances of the Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalysts were further examined in the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reaction in the presence of sodium borohydride (reducing agent) at ambient temperature. The Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst performed excellent catalytic activity in the 4-NP reduction, with a turnover frequency (TOF) values of 925 h⁻¹ and rate constant (k) of 0.078 s⁻¹. It is worth to mentioning that the Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst can be recycled and reused up to at least ten consecutive cycles in the 4-NP reduction with consistency in catalytic performance. The Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst is particularly attractive as a catalyst due to its superior catalytic activity and superparamagnetic properties for easy separation. We foresee this catalyst having high potential to be extended in a wide range of chemistry applications.

Cross-linked resin-captured palladium (XL-QPPd) was readily prepared by simple physical adsorption onto the high loading QuadraPure macroporous resin and a subsequent reduction process. To enhance the mechanical stability, entrapped palladium nanocatalysts were cross-linked with succinyl chloride. Both transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the palladium nanoparticles were well dispersed with diameters ranging in 4–10 nm. The catalyst performed good catalytic activity in microwave-promoted Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in water under aerobic condition with mild condition by using various aryl halides and phenylboronic acid. In addition, the catalyst showed an excellent recyclability without significant loss of catalytic activity.

An introduction of Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as new catalyst support with Ru metal had enhanced the conversion and selectivity for glycerol hydrogenolysis. A small cluster of Ru were highly dispersed and intercalated over FTO via simple chemical mixture and reduction method. In comparison with various metal (Pd, Os, Cu), Ru/FTO catalyst showed the highest conversion (100%) and highly selectivity of 1,2-propanediol (94%) in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The reaction was optimally conducted at 150 °C, 20 bar of H 2 pressure and at 8 hours. Ru/FTO catalyst was ascribed as active catalyst due to the amphoteric sites of FTO and small size of Ru metal. This provides high surface concentration of reduction process that involves the chemical bond dissociation in the glycerol hydrogenolysis.