Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant healthcare burden demanding prompt attention. In the past decade, newer technologies such as topical oxygen therapy have grown increasingly popular. The purpose of the study was to determine effect of KADAM-a topical warm oxygen therapy (TWOT) medical device in healing of DFU. Methods: The KADAM medical device developed by Yostra Labs Pvt Ltd, delivered pure oxygen between 93 ± 3% concentration at an optimal temperature range of 39-42º Celsius to DFU wound site. Results: A total of 40 diabetic foot ulcer individuals, aged over 18 years were included in the study. Individuals with the Grade 1 DFU were 34 (85%), grade 2 were 5 (12.5%) and grade 3 were 1 (2.5%). The changes in initial area and final area for the various diabetic foot ulcer grades were as follows: 0.32 [0.12, 0.96] (< 0.001) for grade 1 ulcer, 0.76 [0.54, 1.17] (P = 0.013) for grade 2 ulcer and 1.26 for grade 3 ulcer. The percentage reduction in wound size achieved for the grade 1 & 2 DFU were 100%, and grade 3 was 75%. Conclusion: Topical warm oxygen therapy serves as an adjunctive modality to facilitate diabetic foot ulcer healing in the clinical practice.

Background/Objectives: Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a major cause of morbidity and lower-limb amputation. Vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory effects through vitamin D receptor (VDR), which regulates the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene that encodes cathelicidin (LL-37). However, their association with DFIs remains poorly understood. This study investigated the association between vitamin D supplementation, the vitamin D–VDR–CAMP–LL-37 pathway, and ulcer healing in DFIs involving biofilm-forming bacteria. Methods: This study (September 2022–March 2026) included 16 DFI patients in the study group (SG), 16 in the reference group (RG), and 16 healthy controls (HCs). The SG received vitamin D supplementation (60,000 IU) in addition to standard care, whereas the RG received standard care alone. Participants were followed up for 4 months. Vitamin D assessment (electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), VDR and LL-37 quantification (ELISA), biofilm formation (tissue culture plate method), and VDR and CAMP gene expression (mRNA quantitation) were all considered. Results: At baseline, serum vitamin D, VDR protein, and LL-37 levels differed significantly among the groups (p ≤ 0.002), whereas VDR and CAMP gene expressions did not. Following supplementation, the SG showed significant increases in serum vitamin D, VDR protein and LL-37 (p ≤ 0.001). At the four-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in VDR and CAMP gene expression or in ulcer healing between the groups. Although a higher proportion of participants in the SG achieved ulcer healing, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although changes in the circulating elements of the vitamin D-VDR-LL-37 pathway were noted with physician-prescribed vitamin D supplementation, no statistically significant association with ulcer healing was observed. This finding requires validation through a thorough investigation.

Background: Predicting the need for surgical intervention in infants with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis (ANH) remains challenging. This study aimed to identify antenatal and postnatal factors associated with surgical intervention in infants with ANH. Method: This prospective observational study included infants aged less than 6 months with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. Antenatal Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) and anterior–posterior pelvic diameter (APD) grades were obtained from maternal antenatal ultrasound reports, and the infants were followed for 6 months after birth. Demographic characteristics and antenatal and postnatal radiological findings were compared between infants who underwent surgical intervention and those managed conservatively. SFU and APD grades were also compared according to postnatal outcomes. In addition, the association of postnatal APD with surgical intervention was evaluated, and an exploratory cutoff value was determined. Result: Among 53 infants with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis, 18 had bilateral hydronephrosis, yielding a total of 71 renal units for renal-unit level analyses, 16 (22.5%) required surgery. Infants undergoing surgery had reduced renal parenchymal thickness, higher SFU grades (III/IV), greater postnatal APD (29.5 vs. 7.8 mm; p ≤ 0.001), and less preserved corticomedullary differentiation (31.2% vs. 92.7%; p < 0.001). Higher APD grade (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.9–26.5; p = 0.001), SFU grade (OR 6.64, 95% CI 2.1–21.0; p = 0.001), and postnatal APD (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.29; p = 0.004) were independently associated with surgical intervention. A postnatal APD cutoff of 13 mm showed good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.87 (95% CI 0.77–0.96), p = 0.001). Conclusion: Antenatal SFU grade and APD grade and postnatal APD were strongly associated with subsequent surgical intervention and represented key factors influencing surgical decision-making during follow-up.