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Sustainable management of canal water through optimum water allocation is the need of the modern world due to the rapid rise in water demand and climatic variations. The present research was conducted at the Chaj Doab, Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) of Pakistan, using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) model. Six different scenarios were developed, and the results showed that the current available surface water is not sufficient to meet crop water demands. The Lower Jhelum Canal (LJC) command area is more sensitive to water scarcity than the Upper Jhelum Canal (UJC). The future (up to 2070) climate change scenarios for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 showed a decrease in catchment reliability up to 26.80 and 26.28% for UJC as well as 27.56 and 27.31% for LJC catchment, respectively. We concluded that scenario 3 (irrigation efficiency improvement through implementation of a high efficiency irrigation system, canal lining, reduction and replacement of high delta crops with low delta crops) was sufficient to reduce the canal water deficit in order to optimize canal water allocation. Improvement in the irrigation system and cropping area should be optimized for efficient canal water management.
Naveed Ahmed; Haishen Lü; Shakeel Ahmed; Ghulam Nabi; Muhammad Wajid; Aamir Shakoor; Hafiz Farid. Irrigation Supply and Demand, Land Use/Cover Change and Future Projections of Climate, in Indus Basin Irrigation System, Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8695 .
AMA StyleNaveed Ahmed, Haishen Lü, Shakeel Ahmed, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad Wajid, Aamir Shakoor, Hafiz Farid. Irrigation Supply and Demand, Land Use/Cover Change and Future Projections of Climate, in Indus Basin Irrigation System, Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaveed Ahmed; Haishen Lü; Shakeel Ahmed; Ghulam Nabi; Muhammad Wajid; Aamir Shakoor; Hafiz Farid. 2021. "Irrigation Supply and Demand, Land Use/Cover Change and Future Projections of Climate, in Indus Basin Irrigation System, Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8695.
The present study explored the changes in monthly streamflow in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya (HKH) region within Pakistan using the recently developed trend analysis method known as Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA). The monthly streamflow data of 34 gauging stations installed in the HKH region was analyzed, and the Pettitt test was applied to check the homogeneity of the time series. The entire study area was divided into 13 sub-basins, and then changes in monthly streamflow of each sub-basin were explored using the IPTA method. The streamflow of high elevated glaciated and snow/ice-covered sub-basins (e.g., Shyok, Astore, and Chitral) have increased in high flow months (June-August), where there is a downward trend for the Hunza sub-basin in these months. In the Gilgit sub-basin, a transition occurred from no trend in May to a decreasing trend from June to August. The upstream gauges of Swat and Kabul sub-basins showed an increasing trend throughout the year, while downstream gauging stations in the same sub-basins exhibited a strong decreasing trend only in high flow months (June-August). The upper reaches of the Indus part in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) showed increasing trends in high flow months (June-August), however the downstream gauges of UIB showed decreasing trends throughout the year. Overall, only the glaciated and snow/ice-covered sub-basins experienced increasing trends, while most other sub-basins faced decreasing trends in high flow months and increasing trends in low flow months (October - March). The enhancement of the seasonal pattern of streamflow in the upper reaches of UIB is possibly due to the melting of snow and ice that potentially influence floods and hydropower generation. The results of this study can result in a better understanding of the hydrology of the HKH region and support sustainable water management.
Naveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Martijn J Booij; Gokmen Ceribasi; Mohd Sultan Bhat; Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu; Adeel Ahmed. Changes In Monthly Streamflow In The Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya Region of Pakistan Using Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNaveed Ahmed, Genxu Wang, Martijn J Booij, Gokmen Ceribasi, Mohd Sultan Bhat, Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu, Adeel Ahmed. Changes In Monthly Streamflow In The Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya Region of Pakistan Using Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Martijn J Booij; Gokmen Ceribasi; Mohd Sultan Bhat; Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu; Adeel Ahmed. 2021. "Changes In Monthly Streamflow In The Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya Region of Pakistan Using Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis." , no. : 1.
Drought, a climate-related disaster impacting a variety of sectors, poses challenges for millions of people in South Asia. Accurate and complete drought information with a proper monitoring system is very important in revealing the complex nature of drought and its associated factors. In this regard, deep learning is a very promising approach for delineating the non-linear characteristics of drought factors. Therefore, this study aims to monitor drought by employing a deep learning approach with remote sensing data over South Asia from 2001–2016. We considered the precipitation, vegetation, and soil factors for the deep forwarded neural network (DFNN) as model input parameters. The study evaluated agricultural drought using the soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) as a response variable during three crop phenology stages. For a better comparison of deep learning model performance, we adopted two machine learning models, distributed random forest (DRF) and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Results show that the DFNN model outperformed the other two models for SMDI prediction. Furthermore, the results indicated that DFNN captured the drought pattern with high spatial variability across three penology stages. Additionally, the DFNN model showed good stability with its cross-validated data in the training phase, and the estimated SMDI had high correlation coefficient R2 ranges from 0.57~0.90, 0.52~0.94, and 0.49~0.82 during the start of the season (SOS), length of the season (LOS), and end of the season (EOS) respectively. The comparison between inter-annual variability of estimated SMDI and in-situ SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) showed that the estimated SMDI was almost similar to in-situ SPEI. The DFNN model provides comprehensive drought information by producing a consistent spatial distribution of SMDI which establishes the applicability of the DFNN model for drought monitoring.
Foyez Prodhan; Jiahua Zhang; Fengmei Yao; Lamei Shi; Til Pangali Sharma; Da Zhang; Dan Cao; Minxuan Zheng; Naveed Ahmed; Hasiba Mohana. Deep Learning for Monitoring Agricultural Drought in South Asia Using Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1715 .
AMA StyleFoyez Prodhan, Jiahua Zhang, Fengmei Yao, Lamei Shi, Til Pangali Sharma, Da Zhang, Dan Cao, Minxuan Zheng, Naveed Ahmed, Hasiba Mohana. Deep Learning for Monitoring Agricultural Drought in South Asia Using Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (9):1715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFoyez Prodhan; Jiahua Zhang; Fengmei Yao; Lamei Shi; Til Pangali Sharma; Da Zhang; Dan Cao; Minxuan Zheng; Naveed Ahmed; Hasiba Mohana. 2021. "Deep Learning for Monitoring Agricultural Drought in South Asia Using Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9: 1715.
This study investigated the influence of land use change and climate change on changes in streamflow in the Bengawan Solo River (BSR, 16,389 km2) basin, Indonesia. We applied the excess water and energy approach to three tributaries of the BSR namely Pidekso, Madiun and Kening River, which representing the up-, mid-, and downstream parts of the BSR, respectively. This study used hydrological data from 1982−2013 and land use data for the years 1994 and 2013. The results show that from 1982 to 2013, annual streamflow of the Pidekso and Madiun River has increased, while in the Kening River it has decreased. Based on attribution measures, the increasing streamflow trend in the Pidekso and Madiun River was mainly attributed to land use change, while the decreasing streamflow trend in the Kening River was mainly attributed to climate change. These attribution results were supported by statistical analyses and land use change analysis.
Hero Marhaento; Martijn J. Booij; Naveed Ahmed. Quantifying relative contribution of land use change and climate change to streamflow alteration in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2021, 66, 1059 -1068.
AMA StyleHero Marhaento, Martijn J. Booij, Naveed Ahmed. Quantifying relative contribution of land use change and climate change to streamflow alteration in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2021; 66 (6):1059-1068.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHero Marhaento; Martijn J. Booij; Naveed Ahmed. 2021. "Quantifying relative contribution of land use change and climate change to streamflow alteration in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia." Hydrological Sciences Journal 66, no. 6: 1059-1068.
In Pakistan, many subsurface (SS) drainage projects were launched by the Salinity Control and Reclamation Project (SCARP) to deal with twin problems (waterlogging and salinity). In some cases, sump pumps were installed for the disposal of SS effluent into surface drainage channels. Presently, sump pumps have become dysfunctional due to social and financial constraints. This study evaluates the alternate design of the Paharang drainage system that could permit the discharge of the SS drainage system in the response of gravity. The proposed design was completed after many successive trials in terms of lowering the bed level and decreasing the channel bed slope. Interconnected MS-Excel worksheets were developed to design the L-section and X-section. Design continuity of the drainage system was achieved by ensuring the bed and water levels of the receiving drain were lower than the outfalling drain. The drain cross-section was set within the present row with a few changes on the service roadside. The channel side slope was taken as 1:1.5 and the spoil bank inner and outer slopes were kept as 1:2 for the entire design. The earthwork was calculated in terms of excavation for lowering the bed level and increasing the drain section to place the excavated materials in a specific manner. The study showed that modification in the design of the Paharang drainage system is technically admissible and allows for the continuous discharge of SS drainage effluent from the area.
Muhammad Imran; Jinlan Xu; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Naveed Ahmed; Qaiser Javed; Hafiz Asfahan; Yasir Latif; Muhammad Usman; Riaz Ahmad. Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4080 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran, Jinlan Xu, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond Shamshiri, Naveed Ahmed, Qaiser Javed, Hafiz Asfahan, Yasir Latif, Muhammad Usman, Riaz Ahmad. Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran; Jinlan Xu; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Naveed Ahmed; Qaiser Javed; Hafiz Asfahan; Yasir Latif; Muhammad Usman; Riaz Ahmad. 2021. "Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4080.
The headwaters of the Yangtze River are located on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, which is affected by climate change. Here, treamflow trends for Tuotuohe and Zhimenda sub-basins and relations to temperature and precipitation trends during 1961–2015 were investigated. The modified Mann–Kendall trend test, Pettitt test, wavelet analysis, and multivariate correlation analysis was deployed for this purpose. The temperature and precipitation significantly increased for each sub-basin, and the temperature increase was more significant in Tuotuohe sub-basin as compared to the Zhimenda sub-basin. A statistically significant periodicity of 2–4 years was observed for both sub-basins in different time spans. Higher flow periodicities for Tuotuohe and Zhimenda sub-basin were found after 1991 and 2004, respectively, which indicates that these are the change years of trends in streamflows. The influence of temperature on streamflow is more substantial in Tuotuohe sub-basin, which will ultimately impact the melting of glaciers and snowmelt runoff in this sub-basin. Precipitation plays a more critical role in the Zhimenda streamflow. Precipitation and temperature changes in the headwaters of the Yangtze River will change the streamflow variability, which will ultimately impact the hydropower supply and water resources of the Yangtze Basin. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of the hydrological cycle and may lead to better hydrologic system modeling for downstream water resource developments.
Naveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Martijn J. Booij; Adeyeri Oluwafemi; Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rahman Hashmi; Shahid Ali; Sarfraz Munir. Climatic Variability and Periodicity for Upstream Sub-Basins of the Yangtze River, China. Water 2020, 12, 842 .
AMA StyleNaveed Ahmed, Genxu Wang, Martijn J. Booij, Adeyeri Oluwafemi, Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rahman Hashmi, Shahid Ali, Sarfraz Munir. Climatic Variability and Periodicity for Upstream Sub-Basins of the Yangtze River, China. Water. 2020; 12 (3):842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Martijn J. Booij; Adeyeri Oluwafemi; Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rahman Hashmi; Shahid Ali; Sarfraz Munir. 2020. "Climatic Variability and Periodicity for Upstream Sub-Basins of the Yangtze River, China." Water 12, no. 3: 842.
The understanding of temperature trends in high elevation mountain areas is an integral part of climate change research and it is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources including glacier melt, degradation of soils, and active layer thickness. In this study, climate changes were analyzed based on trends in air temperature variables (Tmax, Tmin, Tmean), and Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) as well as elevation-dependent warming at annual and seasonal scales in the Headwaters of Yangtze River (HWYZ), Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. The Base Period (1965-2014) was split into two subperiods; Period-I (1965-1989) and Period-II (1990- 2014) and the analysis was constrained over two subbasins; Zhimenda and Tuotuohe. Increasing trends were found in absolute changes in temperature variables during Period-II as compared to Period-I. Tmax, Tmin, and Tmean had significant increasing trends for both sub-basins. The highest significant trends in annual time scale were observed in Tmin (1.15°C decade−1) in Tuotuohe and 0.98°C decade−1 in Zhimenda sub-basins. In Period-II, only the winter season had the highest magnitudes of Tmax and Tmin 0.58°C decade−1 and 1.26°C decade−1 in Tuotuohe subbasin, respectively. Elevation dependent warming analysis revealed that Tmax, Tmin and Tmean trend magnitudes increase with the increase of elevations in the middle reaches (4000 m to 4400 m) of the HWYZ during Period-II annually. The increasing trend magnitude during Period-II, for Tmax, is 1.77, 0.92, and 1.31°C decade−1, for Tmin 1.20, 1.32 and 1.59°C decade−1, for Tmean 1.51, 1.10 and 1.51°C decade−1 at elevations of 4066 m, 4175 m and 4415 m respectively in the winter season. Tmean increases during the spring season for > 3681 m elevations during Period-II, with no particular relation with elevation dependency for other variables. During the summer season in Period- II, Tmax, Tmin, Tmean increases with the increase of elevations (3681 m to 4415 m) in the middle reaches of HWYZ. Elevation dependent warming (EDW), the study concluded that magnitudes of Tmin are increasing significantly after the 1990s as compared to Tmax in the HWYZ. It is concluded that the climate of the HWYZ is getting warmer in both sub-basins and the rate of warming was more evident after the 1990s. The outcomes of the study provide an essential insight into climate change in the region and would be a primary index to select and design research scenarios to explore the impacts of climate change on water resources.
Naveed Ahmed; Gen-Xu Wang; Adeyeri Oluwafemi; Sarfraz Munir; Zhao-Yong Hu; Aamir Shakoor; Muhammad Ali Imran. Temperature trends and elevation dependent warming during 1965–2014 in headwaters of Yangtze River, Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Mountain Science 2020, 17, 556 -571.
AMA StyleNaveed Ahmed, Gen-Xu Wang, Adeyeri Oluwafemi, Sarfraz Munir, Zhao-Yong Hu, Aamir Shakoor, Muhammad Ali Imran. Temperature trends and elevation dependent warming during 1965–2014 in headwaters of Yangtze River, Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Mountain Science. 2020; 17 (3):556-571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaveed Ahmed; Gen-Xu Wang; Adeyeri Oluwafemi; Sarfraz Munir; Zhao-Yong Hu; Aamir Shakoor; Muhammad Ali Imran. 2020. "Temperature trends and elevation dependent warming during 1965–2014 in headwaters of Yangtze River, Qinghai Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 3: 556-571.
The impact assessment of landuse / landcover change (LULCC) and climate change (CC) on the runoff in a highly elevated watershed has key importance in terms of sustainable water resources and ecological developments. In this research, statistical technique was deployed with the addition of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Water Towers of Yangtze River (WTYZ). The coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were used as a decision criterion to ensure the performance of model simulations. The model performed satisfactory with monthly R2 = 0.80 to 0.83 and NSE = 0.63 to 0.69 during calibration (1985 - 2000) and (2001 – 2016) periods. Major LULCC transformations were assessed from low grassland to medium grassland (2.017%) and wetlands (0.90%), bare land to medium grassland (0.23%) and glaciers to wetland (16.83%), high grassland to medium grassland (5.77%) during 1990s and 2005s. Impact of CC increased runoff by 97.97% and decreased evapotranspiration by -5.15% of total runoff and evapotranspiration respectively. It was also noteworthy that LULCC caused the increase in runoff and evapotranspiration by 2.02% and 105.15% relative to totals, respectively. Thus, the variations of runoff in the WTYZ are mainly impacted by landuse/landcover, while climate change have relatively least impacts.
Naveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Sun Xiangyang; Ghulam Nabi; Fiaz Hussain; Kewei Huang; Aamir Shakoor; Sarfraz Munir. Contribution of Climate Change and Landuse / Landcover Change on Variations of Hydrological Processes in The Water Towers of Yangtze River, China. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNaveed Ahmed, Genxu Wang, Sun Xiangyang, Ghulam Nabi, Fiaz Hussain, Kewei Huang, Aamir Shakoor, Sarfraz Munir. Contribution of Climate Change and Landuse / Landcover Change on Variations of Hydrological Processes in The Water Towers of Yangtze River, China. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Sun Xiangyang; Ghulam Nabi; Fiaz Hussain; Kewei Huang; Aamir Shakoor; Sarfraz Munir. 2020. "Contribution of Climate Change and Landuse / Landcover Change on Variations of Hydrological Processes in The Water Towers of Yangtze River, China." , no. : 1.