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This study set up online virtual communities consisting of farmers and stakeholders involved in agriculture and nonfarmers living in rural areas interested in agricultural production. We conducted a deliberation within the communities for 14 days on identifying important climate change adaptation policies for 30 years later under climate change impacts with the relevant knowledge from experts. During the deliberation, after self-introduction took place including the realization of climate change impacts, the participants were provided with the expert knowledge on impacts of climate change, adaptation policies in agricultural sector and so on, then the following discussions covered issues such as the distribution of agricultural produce, insufficient successors, and support for farmers, such as impacts on crops during disasters concerning future scenarios. Attitude changes before and after deliberation were observed in terms of the pros and cons of climate change adaptation policies in agriculture and rural areas, but statistically significant differences were not observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant change was observed in some determinants of the pros and cons, such as the perceived effectiveness and goal intention. This structural change results from that the participants became aware of a different perspective through deliberation. Thus, the online deliberation process was effective to some extent in increasing knowledge and promoting deeper understanding among participants during inquiry and reasoning was deepened in the process as they listened to the opinions of others in a different position with a different idea as well as read and search for scientific findings and information provided by experts.
Kenshi Baba; Eri Amanuma; Motoko Kosugi. Attitude Changes of Stakeholders towards Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agricultural Sector by Online Deliberation. Climate 2021, 9, 75 .
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Eri Amanuma, Motoko Kosugi. Attitude Changes of Stakeholders towards Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agricultural Sector by Online Deliberation. Climate. 2021; 9 (5):75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Eri Amanuma; Motoko Kosugi. 2021. "Attitude Changes of Stakeholders towards Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agricultural Sector by Online Deliberation." Climate 9, no. 5: 75.
As the effects of climate change increase in severity, organizations across the world are attempting to measures to mitigate these effects. In accordance with the Paris Agreement of November 2015, wherein participating nations agreed to restrict the increase in global temperature below 2 °C, Japan has formulated guidelines on creating adaptation plans that can be implemented by local governments. A Climate Change Adaptive Information Platform was also launched to promote understanding and cooperation by sharing information on climate risks. However, the literature on this topic lacks information related to the organization of requirements and challenges faced by municipal administrative officials that formulate adaptation plans. To address these issues, we examined the four municipal forums hosted at Hosei University to encourage administrative needs for new technological ideas in areas such as climate modeling and impact assessment. We used text mining on the transcripts of the various workshops conducted in these forums and attempted to understand the changes in discussions and to extract issues related to the formulation process. The results showed that various topics, such as creating adaptation promotion systems, assessing the impacts of climate change, formulating adaptation plans, communicating with related organizations and stakeholders, developing human resources, and capacity building, were discussed, and a need for information, procedures, and assistance was identified for the formulation of feasible adaptation plans. This study is expected to provide a useful reference to stakeholders involved in framing adaptation plans to mitigate the effects of climate changes, particularly at the municipal level.
Asako Iwami; Takanori Matsui; Michinori Kimura; Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. Organizing the Challenges Faced by Municipalities while Formulating Climate Change Adaptation Plans. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1203 .
AMA StyleAsako Iwami, Takanori Matsui, Michinori Kimura, Kenshi Baba, Mitsuru Tanaka. Organizing the Challenges Faced by Municipalities while Formulating Climate Change Adaptation Plans. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsako Iwami; Takanori Matsui; Michinori Kimura; Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2020. "Organizing the Challenges Faced by Municipalities while Formulating Climate Change Adaptation Plans." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1203.
This chapter reports on the raising of awareness among citizens who participated in the workshop on resilient cities held at the 3rd World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai in March 2015. We provided 18 citizens with four types of expert knowledge: a long-term climate forecast for Sendai; the roles of infrastructure as precautionary and adaptive measures; the roles of green infrastructure as adaptative and transformative measures; and the status report which consists of the assessment result of the resilience of Sendai City by urban indicators, civil indicators, and administrative indicators. Based on this expert knowledge, the participants discussed risk perception, vulnerability assessments, evaluation of situations to be avoided, and resilience measures in Sendai. The results demonstrate that this workshop was able to change the participants’ attitudes toward terms of self-support due to the fact that participants who had been personally affected by a disaster knew the importance of self-support and specific actions over public support.
Kenshi Baba; Kosuke Shirai; Yu Nagata; Shun Kawakubo; Motoko Kosugi; Mitsuru Tanaka; Ebru A. Gencer. Application of the Policy Model in Sendai: the Experiences of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Action UNISDR/WCDRR Public Forum, 2015–2030. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 129 -151.
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Kosuke Shirai, Yu Nagata, Shun Kawakubo, Motoko Kosugi, Mitsuru Tanaka, Ebru A. Gencer. Application of the Policy Model in Sendai: the Experiences of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Action UNISDR/WCDRR Public Forum, 2015–2030. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():129-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Kosuke Shirai; Yu Nagata; Shun Kawakubo; Motoko Kosugi; Mitsuru Tanaka; Ebru A. Gencer. 2019. "Application of the Policy Model in Sendai: the Experiences of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Action UNISDR/WCDRR Public Forum, 2015–2030." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 129-151.
We created a public indicator as an index to measure the resilience of cities and regions against the risk of natural disasters related to climate change, as well as other risks associated with the changing social environment. The public indicator is one of the three main indicators (Baba & Tanaka 2015). In our online survey, we measured the commitment to residential areas, crises that occurred in the regions, and the vulnerabilities of the community. We selected the risks of eight natural hazards, then recruited respondents from eight cities and prefectures that have either high likelihood or a high frequency of experiencing such disasters. Our results indicate that respondents strongly recognized the risk of disasters that frequently occur in their own residential areas as crisis events rather than other disasters. Participation in community activities and a commitment to their localities were high in rural area. The recognition of vulnerability of homes and communities was low in urban areas. These results showed that resilience index of regional community in urban areas such as Sapporo City was high in the aspect of prevention, and resilience index in rural area such as Kagoshima Prefecture was high in the aspect of cooperation and reconstruction.
Motoko Kosugi; Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. Civil Indicator: The Resilience Index of Regional Communities to the Risks of Disasters. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 85 -103.
AMA StyleMotoko Kosugi, Kenshi Baba, Mitsuru Tanaka. Civil Indicator: The Resilience Index of Regional Communities to the Risks of Disasters. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():85-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMotoko Kosugi; Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2019. "Civil Indicator: The Resilience Index of Regional Communities to the Risks of Disasters." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 85-103.
Conducting assessments using urban indicators based on public statistical information helps us understand the actual conditions and resilience of our cities and communities. Thereby it enhances our ability to resist, adapt to, and recover from devastating disasters. The outcomes of such assessments facilitate policymakers, government officers, businesses, citizens, and other stakeholders to detect weak points of the target city in comparison with other cities. In this light, various sets of indicators have been developed to assess the resilience of cities. Discussions on developing an international standard for resilience indicators have also started in a working group under the technical committee of the International Organization for Standardization. This chapter first briefly introduces the background of some important campaigns and movements for making cities more resilient. Next, two case studies of the assessment of city resilience in Japan are introduced. One is the case of introducing time-series assessments of a disaster-affected city to monitor the recovery process after a catastrophic earthquake using the CASBEE-City city-scale assessment tool. The other is the case of conducting the resilience assessment targeting major cities in Japan. These two studies show the importance of conducting the resilience assessment using urban indicators together with public statistical information.
Shun Kawakubo; Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka; Shuzo Murakami; Toshiharu Ikaga. Assessment of City Resilience Using Urban Indicators in Japanese Cities. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 47 -60.
AMA StyleShun Kawakubo, Kenshi Baba, Mitsuru Tanaka, Shuzo Murakami, Toshiharu Ikaga. Assessment of City Resilience Using Urban Indicators in Japanese Cities. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():47-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShun Kawakubo; Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka; Shuzo Murakami; Toshiharu Ikaga. 2019. "Assessment of City Resilience Using Urban Indicators in Japanese Cities." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 47-60.
In order to measure administrative indicators, we conducted a questionnaire survey among local governments across Japan. The results show that risks perceived by most local government officials included earthquakes, population decreases, and increases in greenhouse gas emissions. According to the questionnaire results, resilience measures prepared and implemented include the promotion of renewable energy as a precautionary measure as well as the enhancement of methods to collect and provide disaster-related information as an adaptive measure. There are differences among departments of planning, disaster prevention, and environmental policy. The multiple regression analysis results for each department demonstrate that the effects of drivers and barriers in the policy process are stronger than that of the perception and evaluations. As for environmental policy departments, the presence of other local governments to refer to is important in promoting policy. It is likely that the presence of networks of local governments would be important as an agent to promote policy transfer.
Kenshi Baba; Kosuke Shirai; Mitsuru Tanaka. Administrative Indicator: Local Officials’ Cognitive Structure of Policies for Making Resilient Cities. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 105 -126.
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Kosuke Shirai, Mitsuru Tanaka. Administrative Indicator: Local Officials’ Cognitive Structure of Policies for Making Resilient Cities. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():105-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Kosuke Shirai; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2019. "Administrative Indicator: Local Officials’ Cognitive Structure of Policies for Making Resilient Cities." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 105-126.
This chapter attempts to clarify a cognitive structure of the general public in terms of policies for making cities resilient by analyzing data from web-based questionnaires in nine regions in Japan. The major findings are as follows: (i) Most respondents recognize the risk of earthquakes; most respondents regard “high percentage of elderly population, depopulation,” as a vulnerability; most respondents regard “suspension of administrative activities” as a situation to be generally avoided. However, the scores of most indicators of risk and vulnerability differed among regions. (ii) The cognitive structure in which external forces risk, vulnerability, and situations to be avoided are assumed to determine the attitude to resilience measures was basically supported, but naturally differed among regions in certain details.
Kenshi Baba; Kosuke Shirai; Mitsuru Tanaka. Civil Indicator: General Public’s Cognitive Structure of Policies for Making Resilient Cities. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 61 -84.
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Kosuke Shirai, Mitsuru Tanaka. Civil Indicator: General Public’s Cognitive Structure of Policies for Making Resilient Cities. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():61-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Kosuke Shirai; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2019. "Civil Indicator: General Public’s Cognitive Structure of Policies for Making Resilient Cities." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 61-84.
As the last chapter of this book, we first summarize each chapter, then derive comprehensive lessons learned from these chapters. Summarizing the above findings, it could be said that raising resilience is a form of manifested, flexible imagination, which has led to many scientific findings and data. In order to strengthen the resilience and adaptability of regions that have signed the Paris Agreement, the above-referenced three skills must be developed to deal with the long-term, obvious risks of climate change, as well as the short-term risks hidden within regional communities. It is important to deepen the debate of the natural social characteristics of past, present, and future cities and regions, of residents’ lifestyles, and of the awareness and needs of residents by understanding the external risks, vulnerabilities, and situations to be avoided proposed in this book; this can be achieved by using the related urban indicators, civil indicators, and administrative indicators adaptability tools and sharing specific, quantified evaluations, and by discussing said specific, shared methodology in scenario workshops or focus groups.
Mitsuru Tanaka; Kenshi Baba. Comprehensive Lessons Learned and the Next Steps. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 241 -253.
AMA StyleMitsuru Tanaka, Kenshi Baba. Comprehensive Lessons Learned and the Next Steps. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():241-253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitsuru Tanaka; Kenshi Baba. 2019. "Comprehensive Lessons Learned and the Next Steps." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 241-253.
Kenshi Baba; Yu Nagata; Shun Kawakubo; Mitsuru Tanaka. A Framework and Indicators of Resilience. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities 2019, 3 -45.
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Yu Nagata, Shun Kawakubo, Mitsuru Tanaka. A Framework and Indicators of Resilience. Resilient Policies in Asian Cities. 2019; ():3-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Yu Nagata; Shun Kawakubo; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2019. "A Framework and Indicators of Resilience." Resilient Policies in Asian Cities , no. : 3-45.
In this study, data obtained from an online survey were analyzed to identify the perception gap between farmers and nonfarmers (rural area residents) toward climate change adaptation measures with conventional and new elements of the psychological mechanism. Key findings from the study were as follows. First, the perception of climate change risk and awareness of impacts of climate change had strong effects on the preferences for and willingness to participate in measures rather than trusting the government and values pertaining to the policy decision-making process. Second, farmers tended to prefer “protection” and “transfer of risks (insurance)” as climate change adaptation measures more than nonfarmers did. Farmers also tended to be unwilling to participate in “withdrawal”, reflecting the difficulty of relocating agricultural land. Third, farmers’ willingness to participate in climate change adaptation measures was determined strongly by their preferences. Therefore, to increase preference, there needs to be communication about multiple risks including climate change risks associated with not only “adjustment” and “protection”, which tend to be preferred, but also “withdrawal”, which tends to not be preferred. Contrasting with these, nonfarmers tended to prefer any particular climate change adaptation measures statistically-significantly, but they tended to be willing to accept “self-help” absolutely and “withdrawal” relatively. Also, farmers’ willingness to participate in climate change adaptation measures was determined strongly by their preference. One of the ways to increase the preference is communicating about the multiple risks including climate change risks associated with “adjustment,” “protection” and “transfer” which tend to be preferred more than nonfarmers did. Finally, trust in the government and values pertaining to the policy decision-making process did not necessarily have a serious impact on policy preferences and willingness to participate, both for farmers and nonfarmers. More analyses for other sectors will be needed for further study.
Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. Attitudes of Farmers and Rural Area Residents Toward Climate Change Adaptation Measures: Their Preferences and Determinants of Their Attitudes. Climate 2019, 7, 71 .
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Mitsuru Tanaka. Attitudes of Farmers and Rural Area Residents Toward Climate Change Adaptation Measures: Their Preferences and Determinants of Their Attitudes. Climate. 2019; 7 (5):71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2019. "Attitudes of Farmers and Rural Area Residents Toward Climate Change Adaptation Measures: Their Preferences and Determinants of Their Attitudes." Climate 7, no. 5: 71.
As the trade-offs within nexus issues of water-energy-food usually come along with scientific disputes, building a consensus among stakeholders with the scientific evidence is required to realize sustainable and resilient societies. In this chapter, we explore the capability of problem-solving for potential disputes that may occur among nexus issues at a local level from case studies in Beppu, Japan by using our scenario-based approach customized to integrate expert knowledge and local knowledge. Our scenario-based approach contains not only the elements of the existing scenario planning but also stakeholder analysis and the Delphi method which enables co-design and co-production of science and society. By integrating these methods, we intend to improve scientific evidence-based policy making processes. As we are now developing the Delphi method, we focused the first half of the process of stakeholder analysis and stakeholder meeting.
Kenshi Baba; Naoki Masuhara; Michinori Kimura. Scenario-based Approach to Local Water-energy-food Nexus Issues with Experts and Stakeholders. The Water-Energy-Food Nexus 2018, 321 -333.
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Naoki Masuhara, Michinori Kimura. Scenario-based Approach to Local Water-energy-food Nexus Issues with Experts and Stakeholders. The Water-Energy-Food Nexus. 2018; ():321-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Naoki Masuhara; Michinori Kimura. 2018. "Scenario-based Approach to Local Water-energy-food Nexus Issues with Experts and Stakeholders." The Water-Energy-Food Nexus , no. : 321-333.
In the sustainable use of groundwater resources, there is a need for smooth governance by stakeholders. Local communities use groundwater resources for a variety of purposes and many different stakeholders are involved, making it difficult to get an overall idea of how groundwater is being used. The purpose of this study is to use social network analysis (SNA) to visualize differences in latent talking point that exist among stakeholders of groundwater resources to structurally understand the potential relationship between the stakeholders of groundwater resources of Obama City, Fukui Prefecture. Results show that stakeholders come to a shared understanding regarding general issues such as “necessity of conservation”, “maintaining current usage level”, “sanitation”, among others. However, the stakeholders do not have a shared understanding regarding specific issues such as “salinization”, “temperature”, and “natural flow”. From a nexus perspective, groundwater is used for various purposes. The fact that concrete issues are not shared between stakeholders with different uses is considered to be a potential conflict.
Michinori Kimura; Naoki Masuhara; Kenshi Baba. Making Social Networks Visible: Shared Awareness Among Stakeholders on Groundwater Resources. The Water-Energy-Food Nexus 2018, 273 -286.
AMA StyleMichinori Kimura, Naoki Masuhara, Kenshi Baba. Making Social Networks Visible: Shared Awareness Among Stakeholders on Groundwater Resources. The Water-Energy-Food Nexus. 2018; ():273-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichinori Kimura; Naoki Masuhara; Kenshi Baba. 2018. "Making Social Networks Visible: Shared Awareness Among Stakeholders on Groundwater Resources." The Water-Energy-Food Nexus , no. : 273-286.
The latest climate change adaptation strategies adopted by local governments in Japan are discussed. A nationwide survey demonstrates several significant findings. While some prefectures and major cities have already begun to prepare adaptation strategies, most municipalities have yet to consider such strategies. This gap must be considered when studying the climate adaptation strategies of local governments in Japan, as municipal governments are crucial to the implementation of climate adaptation strategies due to high diversity in climate impacts and geographical conditions among municipalities within each prefecture in Japan. Key challenges for local governments in preparing adaptation strategies are the lack of expert knowledge and experience in the field of climate change adaptation, and compartmentalization of government bureaus. To address these issues, an interview study of six model prefectures in the SI-CAT (Social Implementation Program on Climate Change Adaptation Technology) project by the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) was conducted in order to understand the details of challenges raised by adaptation among local governments in Japan. The survey results reveal that local government officials lack information regarding impact projections and tools for evaluating policy options, even though some of them recognize some of the impacts of climate change on rice crop, vegetable, and fruit production. In addition, different bureaus, such as agriculture, public health, and disaster prevention, focus on different outcomes of climate change due to their different missions. As this is the inherent nature of bureaucratic organizations, a new approach for encouraging collaboration among them is needed. The fact that most of the local governments in Japan have not yet assessed the local impacts of climate change, an effort that would lay the groundwork for preparing adaptation strategies, suggests the importance of cyclical co-design that facilitates the relationship between climatic technology such as climate models and impact assessment and local governments’ needs so that the technology developments clarify the needs of local government, while those needs in turn nurture the seeds of technology.
Kenshi Baba; Masahiro Matsuura; Taiko Kudo; Shigeru Watanabe; Shun Kawakubo; Akiko Chujo; Hiroharu Tanaka; Mitsuru Tanaka. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Masahiro Matsuura, Taiko Kudo, Shigeru Watanabe, Shun Kawakubo, Akiko Chujo, Hiroharu Tanaka, Mitsuru Tanaka. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Masahiro Matsuura; Taiko Kudo; Shigeru Watanabe; Shun Kawakubo; Akiko Chujo; Hiroharu Tanaka; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2017. "Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan." Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan , no. : 1.
Participatory public engagement approaches such as Consensus Conferences, Deliberative Polling®, and Planning Cells have been used to try and resolve environmental disputes in Japan; however, the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches have not been analyzed adequately or comprehensively. This paper evaluates practical applications of each of the above participatory approaches and conducts a crosscutting analysis of these applications to evaluate how effectively each approach provides scientific information to participants and to consider how the quality of deliberations that occur during these processes affect their outputs. Based on existing classification of participatory processes, and methodology for public involvement in US environmental decision-making, this study compares and contrasts the processes and outcomes of 25 participatory planning case studies in Japan. After compiling a case inventory of participatory approaches, the features of one approach are documented using qualitative analysis, and the aspects of four other approaches are confirmed using crosscutting analysis. In so doing, the likely strengths and weaknesses of each approach are suggested as follows. When discussions require an understanding of scientific knowledge, the Consensus Conference tends to be more suitable than the DP approach. If the consensus of participants is expected, the Consensus Conference is also thought to be suitable. But through a DP process or Simplified Planning Cells approach, we can know the quantitative portion of each opinion through results of ballots. In sum, new participatory approach that incorporates strengths of the Consensus Conference and the Simplified Planning Cells into Local Environmental Planning is needed. Thus, the quality of consensus building could be improved.
Naoki Masuhara; Kenshi Baba; Akihiro Tokai. Clarifying relationships between participatory approaches, issues, processes, and results, through crosscutting case analysis in Japan’s environmental, energy, and food policy areas. Environment Systems and Decisions 2016, 36, 421 -437.
AMA StyleNaoki Masuhara, Kenshi Baba, Akihiro Tokai. Clarifying relationships between participatory approaches, issues, processes, and results, through crosscutting case analysis in Japan’s environmental, energy, and food policy areas. Environment Systems and Decisions. 2016; 36 (4):421-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaoki Masuhara; Kenshi Baba; Akihiro Tokai. 2016. "Clarifying relationships between participatory approaches, issues, processes, and results, through crosscutting case analysis in Japan’s environmental, energy, and food policy areas." Environment Systems and Decisions 36, no. 4: 421-437.
Practitioners of consensus building are stepping into a relatively new arena of practice: sustainability issues in the non-North American context. This article explores challenges in such settings, which we illustrate, with a case in Japan regarding the promotion of wood biomass usage through stakeholder dialogue in a small island community. Reflection from the experience reveals two challenges that are likely to occur in similar contexts: drawing the attention of stakeholders to the long-term risks to sustainability and dealing with personal relationships in a high-power-distance culture. We find that in our case and more generally stakeholders’ problem recognition related to risk must be nurtured through learning opportunities and scenario exercises in the early stages of consensus building processes. The hierarchical nature of interpersonal communication in several Asian countries, where senior participants enjoy more power in negotiation, also requires careful design of processes, particularly when long-term issues are at stake.
Masahiro Matsuura; Kenshi Baba. Consensus Building for Long-term Sustainability in the Non-North American Context: Reflecting on a Stakeholder Process in Japan. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 2016, 9, 256 -268.
AMA StyleMasahiro Matsuura, Kenshi Baba. Consensus Building for Long-term Sustainability in the Non-North American Context: Reflecting on a Stakeholder Process in Japan. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research. 2016; 9 (3):256-268.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasahiro Matsuura; Kenshi Baba. 2016. "Consensus Building for Long-term Sustainability in the Non-North American Context: Reflecting on a Stakeholder Process in Japan." Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 9, no. 3: 256-268.
Local governments are expected to play a significant role in making cities resilient, especially in reducing disaster risks and adapting to climate change. To obtain the relevant actors’ understanding and cooperation in implementing adaptation measures, it is essential that the potential framing gaps which may arise between them in terms of the impacts and risks of climate change be filled in. In this study, we have identified the framing gaps between stakeholders and the general public. We analyzed the questionnaire data obtained from the general public and the stakeholder data obtained by means of a case study carried out in Tokyo. We then integrated the results and derived three implications: i) it is effective to implement climate change adaptation policy that local governments obtain an understanding of multi-benefit of the the policy as well as climate change risk from the public through community-based groups, avocational groups and other organizations in the local community. ii) as for a firmly locked-in view of climate change policy that the policy means just reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, communication strategies for accurately explaining the relationship between adaptation measures and mitigation measures is required, and iii) as for the challenges of agenda setting for incorporating climate change risk into administrative plans, the department of the environment who is in charge of climate change policy is required to take a leadership in a coordinating function, for example, raising the awareness of other departments in terms of adaptation measures and providing them with scientific knowledge of climate change risk.
Kenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. Challenges of Implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policy for Disaster Risk Reduction – Implications from Framing Gap Among Stakeholders and the General Public –. Journal of Disaster Research 2015, 10, 404 -419.
AMA StyleKenshi Baba, Mitsuru Tanaka. Challenges of Implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policy for Disaster Risk Reduction – Implications from Framing Gap Among Stakeholders and the General Public –. Journal of Disaster Research. 2015; 10 (3):404-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenshi Baba; Mitsuru Tanaka. 2015. "Challenges of Implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policy for Disaster Risk Reduction – Implications from Framing Gap Among Stakeholders and the General Public –." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3: 404-419.
The impacts of climate change are apparent in various regions of the world. Even though climate change may have a positive effect, it is anticipated that there will be many severely negative effects on human and natural resources in the future. Therefore, in addition to the need for stronger promotion of mitigation policies, it is urgently necessary to study and implement adaptation policies over the longer term to prepare for the possible negative impact of climate change. To implement climate change adaptation measures rapidly in Japan, it would seem practical and effective to make good use of the various countermeasures already promoted by both the national and the local governments for many sectors such as disaster prevention, environmental management, food production, and protection of the nation’s health. These countermeasures are considered to have potential for effecting climate change adaptation. This study, focusing on adaptation to climate change negative impacts, investigates to what extent the existing policies of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government could contribute to climate change adaptation, based on a comprehensive examination of targeted fields and indicators for which adaptation policies could be pursued. The results showed many of the existing policies could be useful for adaptation to climate change in many sectors. Furthermore, less than half of these policies need to take future climate change into account in order to contribute to climate change adaptation. This study proposes three basic steps that consider future climate change and local governmental propositions for the rapid implementation of adaptation policies in Japan.
Yasuaki Hijioka; Saneyuki Takano; Kazutaka Oka; Minoru Yoshikawa; Arata Ichihashi; Kenshi Baba; Sawako Ishiwatari. Potential of existing policies of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for implementing adaptation to climate change. Regional Environmental Change 2015, 16, 967 -978.
AMA StyleYasuaki Hijioka, Saneyuki Takano, Kazutaka Oka, Minoru Yoshikawa, Arata Ichihashi, Kenshi Baba, Sawako Ishiwatari. Potential of existing policies of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for implementing adaptation to climate change. Regional Environmental Change. 2015; 16 (4):967-978.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasuaki Hijioka; Saneyuki Takano; Kazutaka Oka; Minoru Yoshikawa; Arata Ichihashi; Kenshi Baba; Sawako Ishiwatari. 2015. "Potential of existing policies of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for implementing adaptation to climate change." Regional Environmental Change 16, no. 4: 967-978.
After installing a photovoltaic (PV) system in a house or a school, it is said that people seem to increase behavior that shows concern for the environment such as saving electricity. Do characteristics of PV systems have any influence on the change in people’s behavior? This study attempts to discover why people’s behavior toward energy and the environment change after installing a PV system. Based on questionnaire surveys, this paper describes the results of statistical analysis concerning the changes in households that installed PV systems. The results show that in households where the family members are highly aware of their PV systems they tend to increase environmental behavior after installing the PV system. It is also found that an increase in communication about environmental behavior in a family tends to go hand-in-hand with the increase in environmental behavior. The findings suggest that the installation of residential PV systems affect people’s concern and norms related to energy and the environment, and consequently influences people’s behavior.
Hiroki Hondo; Kenshi Baba. Socio-psychological impacts of the introduction of energy technologies: Change in environmental behavior of households with photovoltaic systems. Applied Energy 2010, 87, 229 -235.
AMA StyleHiroki Hondo, Kenshi Baba. Socio-psychological impacts of the introduction of energy technologies: Change in environmental behavior of households with photovoltaic systems. Applied Energy. 2010; 87 (1):229-235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiroki Hondo; Kenshi Baba. 2010. "Socio-psychological impacts of the introduction of energy technologies: Change in environmental behavior of households with photovoltaic systems." Applied Energy 87, no. 1: 229-235.