In this work, the objects of research are cement asphalt concrete obtained on the basis of cement binder and bitumen emulsion, using as mineral additives, waste from thermal power plants, in the form of fuel ash of various types. The analysis of foreign and domestic literature on this topic is carried out. In order to reduce the amount of inorganic binder (cement) consumed, as well as modification of organic binder (bitumen emulsion), fuel ashes of two domestic producers, ashes of CHP-2 and CHP-3 of Pavlodar based on Ekibastuz coals, were studied in the work. The influence of fuel ash on the properties of binders used in the work, as well as the properties of cement asphalt concrete compositions based on binders using fuel ash, has been established. The features of the production of cement asphalt concrete using fuel ash are described. The results of testing cement asphalt concrete without the use and with the use of fuel ash are presented.

The replacement of clay by coal ash in fired brick is limited by the resulting strength loss. This study examines whether a calcined manganese ore can color a brick body containing ash-slag waste (ASW) without reducing its strength. Four mixes of a medium-plasticity clay with 0 or 20 wt.% ASW (Pavlodar thermal power plant TPP-1) and 0 or 7 wt.% Bogach manganese ore calcined at 1200 °C were fired at 950 °C and characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, image-based CIELAB colorimetry and physico-mechanical tests. In the ASW-containing body, the ore raised the mean compressive strength from 9.89 ± 1.33 to 12.41 ± 3.46 MPa (three specimens per mix, p = 0.34) without significant changes in water absorption and density; by mean strength, this body corresponds to grade M100 (GOST 530-2012), class f_b ≥ 10 MPa (EN 771-1) and grade NW (ASTM C62-17). Hausmannite (Mn₃O₄) introduced with the ore persisted as a crystalline phase after firing in both ore-containing mixes (about 2% of the crystalline fraction); the mechanism of the strength change was not established. The ore lowered the lightness L* of the ASW-containing body from 67.3 to 43.3 (ΔE₀₀ = 22.9) at an essentially constant hue angle (57–60°); the fired body is dark brown.

Ash-slag waste from thermal power plants can be used as a technogenic aluminosilicate component of ceramic bodies; however, increasing its content requires an assessment of material properties under specified forming and firing conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating 50 wt.% fresh ground ash-slag waste from Pavlodar TPP and to determine the effect of silica fume on the properties of fired specimens. The scientific novelty lies in experimentally establishing, for this raw-material system, the effect of adding 3.0 wt.% silica fume to a ceramic body with a high content of fresh ash-slag waste: strength increases without the formation of additional identifiable crystalline phases or significant changes in water absorption, bulk density, and shrinkage. A reference composition containing equal mass fractions of clay and ground ash-slag waste and a modified composition containing 3.0 wt.% silica fume were investigated. Cylindrical specimens were formed, dried to constant mass, and fired at 950 °C. The particle-size distribution, chemical composition, and phase composition of the raw materials were determined. Linear shrinkage, compressive strength, water absorption, bulk density, and the elemental and phase compositions of the fired specimens were evaluated. Silica fume increased the compressive strength from 14.60 to 16.85 MPa, corresponding to an increase of 15.4%. No significant differences were observed in water absorption, bulk density, forming moisture content, or linear shrinkage. After firing, both compositions exhibited similar crystalline phase assemblages. The results confirm the feasibility of incorporating fresh ground ash–slag waste at a content of 50 wt.% as a partial replacement for natural clay and of increasing material strength through the addition of 3.0 wt.% silica fume without adversely affecting the investigated properties.

In the context of intensified housing construction and the transition to a "green" economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly building materials is increasing. Against the backdrop of a shortage of high-quality clay raw materials, the use of ash and slag waste (ASW) from thermal power plants in the production of construction ceramics is becoming especially relevant. Chemical and phase analysis of ash and slag from Pavlodar TPP-3 and natural clay from the Pavlodar deposit has been made in the study. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods have been applied using Bruker equipment. The data obtained have been interpreted according to current international standards. Ash and slag materials contain up to 61.19% SiO₂ and 18.61% Al₂O₃, as well as significant amounts of fluxing oxides (CaO, MgO, K₂O), which help reduce sintering temperature. The clay is characterized by high Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ content, which makes it suitable for the production of red-fired ceramic products. X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of such phases as quartz, mullite, and anorthite in the ash and slag, and kaolinite, illite, and feldspars in the clay. An integrated approach to combining ash and slag with clay allows to optimize the ceramic mass formulation, improving its plasticity and strength. The use of ash and slag waste in construction ceramics ensures technological efficiency and solves environmental problems by reducing industrial waste volumes, expanding the raw material base, increasing production profitability, and supporting sustainable development.