The Wanshan mercury (Hg) mine in Guizhou Province is one of the main Hg-producing mines in China, resulting in serious Hg pollution in soil and wastewater. Therefore, the present study is mainly aimed to investigate the current degree of heavy metal pollution and compared the microbial diversity in the Wanshan Hg mine and its surrounding environment. The results showed the distribution of the pollution load index values was low in the west and high in the east. The northwestern (Aozhai River), northern (Meizi Stream), and southwestern parts of the study area and the area surrounding Erkeng did not reach moderate pollution. Mercury accounted for the majority of the potential ecological risk index values, reaching 67.62%, while the proportions of Cd and As were 15.75% and 10.75%, respectively. Mercury was found mainly in a residual state, which had an average proportion of 71.09%. In the three regions, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had the highest relative abundances. According to linear discriminant analysis effect size, the indicator species in the Hg mining area, woodland and cultivated land was f__67-14 (belonging to a family of Solirubrobacterales), Reyranellales and Reyranellaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, respectively. In summary, this study for the very first time estimated that the higher Hg, Cd and As pollution existed in Wanshan Hg mine since their concentration in the all soil samples totally exceeded the standard value (GB15618-2018), while Cd and As pollution in soil was commonly ignored by the previous study. The cultivated land had higher community richness than the mercury mining district and woodland. Our results suggested that the relevant local departments need to take more active measures to solve the problem of high levels of Hg, Cd, and As in the local soil, and prevent their adverse effects on humans.

Due to the inability of remote sensing satellites to monitor avalanches in real time, this study focuses on the glaciers in the rear edge of Jialongcuo, Tibet, and uses infrasound sensors to conduct real-time monitoring of ice avalanches. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) In terms of waveform, compared to background noise, ice avalanche events have a slight left deviation and a slightly steep shape; compared to wind, rain, and floods events, ice avalanche events have less obvious kurtosis and skewness. (2) In terms of frequency distribution, the infrasound frequency generated by ice avalanche events is mainly distributed in the range of 1.5 Hz to 9.5 Hz; compared to other events, ice avalanche events differ some in frequency characteristics. (3) The model based on information entropy and marginal spectral frequency distribution characteristics of infrasound have higher accuracy in signal classification and recognition, as they can better represent the differences between infrasound signals of different events than other features. (4) Compared with the K-nearest neighbor algorithm and classification tree algorithm, the support vector machine and BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm are more suitable for identifying infrasound signals in the Jialongcuo ice avalanche. The research results can provide theoretical support for the application of infrasound-based ice avalanche monitoring technology.

有害藻类水华是严重影响社会经济可持续发展的生态灾害，频发于世界范围内的淡水和海洋水体。通过文献库检索水华相关的中英文期刊文献，利用CiteSpace等软件进行科学知识图谱分析。结果显示：(1)作为重要的世界水环境问题，在20世纪40年代就开始受到关注，目前发表的水华研究相关的中英文期刊论文达4.4万余篇，其中高被引论文172篇。根据年发文量大致可将全球水华研究划分为三个阶段：1942年-1990年的第Ⅰ阶段（每年发文低于200篇）、1991年-2014年的第Ⅱ阶段（年发文低于2000篇）和2015年至今的第Ⅲ阶段（年发文高于2000篇）；(2)水华研究的国际交流合作较为密切, 英文文献以美国发文量最多、中国第二。中文的水华研究则以中国科学院为中心形成协作网络，水华研究的主要内容大致与国际上相吻合；(3)在新兴前沿领域方面，中文期刊所发表的文章其研究内容稍滞后于英文期刊的研究成果；(4)中国的水华研究在全球水华研究中占据重要地位。 在未来，多尺度结合可能成为水华研究的一种趋势。水华监测预警建模、遥感技术、大数据和人工智能分析等成为重要研究方法。而在具体研究问题上，水华形成和消亡机制依然是核心科学问题。同时，水华全生命周期过程的生态环境效应的定量化研究和人类活动与水华发生的互馈机制可能是今后的重要研究内容。

Microbiome, representing the collection of commensal microorganisms and the active substances, exert profound influences on environmental biogeochemical cycles and the maintenance of human physiological homeostasis. Their metabolic activities are indispensable for nutrient recycling, climate regulation, and ecosystem resilience. Concurrently, complex microbial communities colonizing human niches are fundamental to digestion, immune responses, and protection against pathogens. Crucially, the functional outcomes of these interactions are largely dictated by microbial diversity and community equilibrium. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of the pivotal roles played by both beneficial and detrimental microbiomes across diverse environmental matrices and human systems. The state-of-the-art technologies enabling comprehensive microbiome analysis are discussed, including high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, which are revolutionizing microbiome detection and functional characterization. Furthermore, the escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance intrinsically linked to microbial ecology and human practices is examined as a critical cross-domain challenge. Finally, the review explores the transformative potential of advanced microbiome bioengineering strategies for targeted environmental remediation, sustainable biotechnology, and biomanufacturing. This comprehensive analysis underscores the intricate interdependence between microbial communities, environmental integrity, and human health, emphasizing the paramount importance of preserving and harnessing microbiome diversity.