This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Mycotoxins are widely studied by many research groups in all aspects, but the stability of these compounds needs further research for clarification. The objective of this study is to evaluate deoxynivalenol and zearalenone stability during all steps of the malting and brewing processes. The levels of these compounds decreased significantly during the production process (barley to beer). During the malting process, the DON levels decreased significantly in the steeping, germination, and malting steps (62%, 51.5%, and 68%, respectively). Considering ZEN, when the levels were compared between barley and the last step of the process, a significant decrease was observed. Most of the mycotoxins produced were transferred to the rootlets and spent grains, which is advantageous considering the final product. Furthermore, the mycotoxin dietary intake estimation was included in this study. The results proved that if the concentrations of target mycotoxins in raw material are under the limits established by the regulations, the levels decrease during the malting and brewing processes and make the beer secure for consumers. The quality of the five commodities involved in the beer process plays a decisive role in the creation of a safe final product.
Karim C. Piacentini; Sylvie Běláková; Karolína Benešová; Marek Pernica; Geovana D. Savi; Liliana O. Rocha; Ivo Hartman; Josef Čáslavský; Benedito Corrêa. Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes. Toxins 2019, 11, 257 .
AMA StyleKarim C. Piacentini, Sylvie Běláková, Karolína Benešová, Marek Pernica, Geovana D. Savi, Liliana O. Rocha, Ivo Hartman, Josef Čáslavský, Benedito Corrêa. Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarim C. Piacentini; Sylvie Běláková; Karolína Benešová; Marek Pernica; Geovana D. Savi; Liliana O. Rocha; Ivo Hartman; Josef Čáslavský; Benedito Corrêa. 2019. "Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes." Toxins 11, no. 5: 257.
Fusarium species threaten yield and quality of cereals worldwide due to their ability to produce mycotoxins and cause plant diseases. Trichothecenes and zearalenone are the most economically significant mycotoxins and are of particular concern in barley, maize and wheat. For this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the Fusarium isolates from brewing barley and to assess deoxynivalenol and zearalenone contamination in grains. Characterization of the Fusarium strains was carried out by the phylogeny based on two loci (EF-1α and RPB2). Mycotoxin detection and quantification were performed by LC-MS. The results show that Fusarium was the predominant genus. Phylogenetic study demonstrated that the majority of the strains clustered within the Fusarium sambucinum species complex followed by the Fusarium tricinctum species complex. The results revealed high incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) contamination (90.6% and 87.5%, respectively). It was observed that 86% of the samples contaminated with ZEA were above the limits set by the EU and Brazilian regulations. These results may highlight the importance of controlling Fusarium toxins in barley, mainly because of its use in the brewing industry and the resistance of various mycotoxins to food processing treatments.
Karim C. Piacentini; Liliana Rocha; Geovana D. Savi; Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz; Livia De Carvalho Fontes; Benedito Correa. Assessment of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Their Mycotoxins in Brewing Barley Grains. Toxins 2019, 11, 31 .
AMA StyleKarim C. Piacentini, Liliana Rocha, Geovana D. Savi, Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz, Livia De Carvalho Fontes, Benedito Correa. Assessment of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Their Mycotoxins in Brewing Barley Grains. Toxins. 2019; 11 (1):31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarim C. Piacentini; Liliana Rocha; Geovana D. Savi; Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz; Livia De Carvalho Fontes; Benedito Correa. 2019. "Assessment of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Their Mycotoxins in Brewing Barley Grains." Toxins 11, no. 1: 31.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. In Brazil, the southern region is the area with the highest production of rice in the country and also has a high average daily intake of rice by the population. The mycoflora, mainly toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species, the presence of AFB1, DON and ZEA in rice grains, as well as daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population were evaluated. The rice grain samples were collected during the 2017 crop from different harvest periods. According to the mycological tests, the samples presented a high count of fungal colonies in the pre and post-harvest, where the incidence of the F. graminearum species complex (52%) was significantly predominant. This group can be responsible for ZEA production, as found in this study in parboiled rice, mainly because most of the isolated strains were producers of high ZEA levels in the pre-harvest (77%) and post-harvest after natural (79%) and artificial (75%) drying of the rice. Only ZEA showed significant results in the rice grain analyzed (60%) at levels of 90.56 to 126.31 μg/kg, where 36% of the samples were significantly higher than the current maximum limit stipulated in Brazilian regulations and by the European Commission. Despite this, the dietary exposure of ZEA estimated for the southern Brazilian population was below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake level of 0.5 μg/kg body weight/day set at international regulations.
Geovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Liliana O. Rocha; Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz; Bianca G. Furtado; Rahisa Scussel; Elton Torres Zanoni; Ricardo Andrez Machado de Ávila; Benedito Corrêa; Elidio Angioletto. Incidence of toxigenic fungi and zearalenone in rice grains from Brazil. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2018, 270, 5 -13.
AMA StyleGeovana D. Savi, Karim C. Piacentini, Liliana O. Rocha, Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz, Bianca G. Furtado, Rahisa Scussel, Elton Torres Zanoni, Ricardo Andrez Machado de Ávila, Benedito Corrêa, Elidio Angioletto. Incidence of toxigenic fungi and zearalenone in rice grains from Brazil. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2018; 270 ():5-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Liliana O. Rocha; Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz; Bianca G. Furtado; Rahisa Scussel; Elton Torres Zanoni; Ricardo Andrez Machado de Ávila; Benedito Corrêa; Elidio Angioletto. 2018. "Incidence of toxigenic fungi and zearalenone in rice grains from Brazil." International Journal of Food Microbiology 270, no. : 5-13.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop for food and represents one of the main ingredients in beer production. Considering the importance of barley and its derived products, the knowledge about the mycotoxin contamination in the barley production is essential in order to assess its safety. In this study, the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in brewing barley were determined using a LC-MS/MS method. A survey was conducted in 2015 to estimate the mycotoxin levels in these products (n = 76) from four crop regions in Brazil. The results showed high levels of DON and ZEN in the analyzed samples, with contamination levels of 94 and 73.6%, respectively. The mean levels of DON and ZEN ranged from 1700 to 7500 μg/kg and from 300 to 630 μg/kg, respectively. Barley samples from regions 1 and 2 presented higher levels of ZEN and DON, respectively, and those from region 4 presented lower levels of both. Co-occurrence of DON and ZEN was seen in the majority of the barley grain samples, and the mycotoxin content was above the maximum levels established by the Brazilian and European regulations.
Karim C. Piacentini; Liliana Rocha; G. D. Savi; L. Carnielli-Queiroz; F. G. Almeida; E. Minella; B. Corrêa. Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in brewing barley grains from Brazil. Mycotoxin Research 2018, 34, 173 -178.
AMA StyleKarim C. Piacentini, Liliana Rocha, G. D. Savi, L. Carnielli-Queiroz, F. G. Almeida, E. Minella, B. Corrêa. Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in brewing barley grains from Brazil. Mycotoxin Research. 2018; 34 (3):173-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarim C. Piacentini; Liliana Rocha; G. D. Savi; L. Carnielli-Queiroz; F. G. Almeida; E. Minella; B. Corrêa. 2018. "Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in brewing barley grains from Brazil." Mycotoxin Research 34, no. 3: 173-178.
Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi widely distributed around the world and often associated with contamination of mycotoxins, representing one of the most prevalent sources of food contamination, with strong, acute or chronic negative impacts on human health. The complete elimination of fungi-contaminated commodities may not be indeed achievable, but a reduction in these is essential for final product quality as well as for consumer health. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ozone (O3) treatment in Fusarium species and, in addition, to investigate the effect of O3 in malting barley seed germination. The O3 gas was applied to pilot cylinders, divided into control, without O3 gas application, and treated groups, with concentrations of 40 and 60 mg/kg. These were exposed for 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. The species that demonstrated the greatest reduction after the O3 treatment was Fusarium poae, represented by 93.3%, followed by Fusarium graminearum, with 92.6%. Germination of the malting barley seed was not affected.
K.C. Piacentini; G.D. Savi; V.M. Scussel. The effect of ozone treatment on species of Fusarium growth in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grains. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2017, 9, 383 -389.
AMA StyleK.C. Piacentini, G.D. Savi, V.M. Scussel. The effect of ozone treatment on species of Fusarium growth in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grains. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods. 2017; 9 (4):383-389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK.C. Piacentini; G.D. Savi; V.M. Scussel. 2017. "The effect of ozone treatment on species of Fusarium growth in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grains." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 9, no. 4: 383-389.
Pesticide insecticides are used on wheat grains in storage units but their efficiency is hindered by persistent residues in the grains. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone (O3) gas treatment on the degradation of residual bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides commonly used in storage wheat grains, as well as to evaluate degradation of their by-products. The residues of bifenthrin decreased after 180 min of exposure in a concentration of 60 μmol/mol (a 37.5 ± 7.4% reduction) with 20% moisture content and 0.9 water activity. On the other hand, under the same experimental conditions, the pirimiphos-methyl residues significantly decreased in the wheat grains (71.1 ± 8.6%) after 30 min of exposure. After O3 gas treatment, three by-products of pirimiphos-methyl (m/z = 306.1) containing different molecular mass to charge ratios (m/z = 278.1, 301.1 and 319.2) were identified by LC–MS. O3 is a strong oxidizer that has shown the potential to reduce pesticide residues in stored grain in order to ensure food quality and safety.
Geovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Tiago Bortolotto; Vildes M. Scussel. Degradation of bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl residues in stored wheat grains ( Triticum aestivum L.) by ozonation. Food Chemistry 2016, 203, 246 -251.
AMA StyleGeovana D. Savi, Karim C. Piacentini, Tiago Bortolotto, Vildes M. Scussel. Degradation of bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl residues in stored wheat grains ( Triticum aestivum L.) by ozonation. Food Chemistry. 2016; 203 ():246-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Tiago Bortolotto; Vildes M. Scussel. 2016. "Degradation of bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl residues in stored wheat grains ( Triticum aestivum L.) by ozonation." Food Chemistry 203, no. : 246-251.
Fusarium head blight of wheat is caused by the Fusarium species that produces mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The distribution of DON in wheat products can lead to high economic and health impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural distribution of DON in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products, as well as the daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population. The fractions of wheat grains (milled wheat, finished flour and bran) were produced in a mill. Additionally, wheat-derived products, such as pasta, bread and crackers were analyzed. The bran fraction had the highest mean concentration of DON (2278 μg kg−1), followed by milled wheat and finished flour (1895 μg kg−1 and 1305 μg kg−1). The distribution factor in the finished flour (69%) fraction demonstrates that DON was reduced when compared to milled wheat, by contrast of bran fraction that presents higher DON levels (120%). A percentage of 35% bran, 35% finished flour and 30% milled wheat samples would not be in compliance with future Brazilian regulations for DON levels. From the wheat-based products analyzed, 17% of whole bread and 10% of salted cracker products were contaminated with DON, with a median of 437 μg kg−1 and 624 μg kg−1, respectively. The finished flour was the fraction that most contributes to the daily intake of DON in Southern Brazil, representing 89.6% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake.
Geovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Casiane S. Tibola; Karolina Santos; Giovana Sousa Maria; Vildes M. Scussel. Deoxynivalenol in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products and daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population. Food Control 2016, 62, 231 -236.
AMA StyleGeovana D. Savi, Karim C. Piacentini, Casiane S. Tibola, Karolina Santos, Giovana Sousa Maria, Vildes M. Scussel. Deoxynivalenol in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products and daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population. Food Control. 2016; 62 ():231-236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Casiane S. Tibola; Karolina Santos; Giovana Sousa Maria; Vildes M. Scussel. 2016. "Deoxynivalenol in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products and daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population." Food Control 62, no. : 231-236.
The distribution of fumonisins in the corn milling process and in corn-based products, as well as daily intake estimates for the Brazilian population were evaluated. Among corn fractions samples, corn meal had the highest mean concentration of FB1 (1305 µg kg(-1)) and FB2 (651 µg kg(-1)) and a distribution factor of 452% and 256% in relation to corn grain, respectively. On the other hand, the distribution factor of FB1 and FB2 in corn flour was found to be 144% and 88%, which demonstrates that fumonisins in this fraction were reduced compared to corn grain. As a result, almost half of the corn meal samples (47%) would be non-compliant with the future Brazilian regulation (2017) for fumonisins. However, corn-based products, such as cornflakes and popcorn, were in compliance with the regulation. The average probable daily intake and maximum probable daily intake of fumonisins estimated for the Santa Catarina state (Brazil) population were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for all corn samples. Despite this, the adoption of practices to control the occurrence of fumonisins should be applied to the corn milling fractions that may contain a higher concentration of this toxin, such as corn meal, often used for animal feed in Brazil.
Geovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Djeini Marchi; Vildes M. Scussel. Fumonisins B1and B2in the corn-milling process and corn-based products, and evaluation of estimated daily intake. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2015, 33, 1 -7.
AMA StyleGeovana D. Savi, Karim C. Piacentini, Djeini Marchi, Vildes M. Scussel. Fumonisins B1and B2in the corn-milling process and corn-based products, and evaluation of estimated daily intake. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2015; 33 (2):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Djeini Marchi; Vildes M. Scussel. 2015. "Fumonisins B1and B2in the corn-milling process and corn-based products, and evaluation of estimated daily intake." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 33, no. 2: 1-7.
The industrial use of barley grain has experienced continuous growth, mainly due to its economic importance for malt production. From a technological perspective, fungal persistence can reduce product marketability and cause economic losses. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence and identification of mycoflora and the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs) in malting barley. The samples presented a low count of fungal colonies, with values ranging from 10.5 to 0.5 × 10(1)CFU g(-1) and the species most found were Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides with 26% and 12% of incidence, respectively. In the samples analyzed for mycotoxins occurrence, DON and FBs were present in 18% and 12%, respectively. The high concentrations of toxins found in the malting samples may be strongly influenced by agricultural practices and the weather conditions during critical phases of plant growth.
Karim C. Piacentini; Geovana D. Savi; Maria E.V. Pereira; Vildes M. Scussel. Fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Food Chemistry 2015, 187, 204 -209.
AMA StyleKarim C. Piacentini, Geovana D. Savi, Maria E.V. Pereira, Vildes M. Scussel. Fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Food Chemistry. 2015; 187 ():204-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarim C. Piacentini; Geovana D. Savi; Maria E.V. Pereira; Vildes M. Scussel. 2015. "Fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Food Chemistry 187, no. : 204-209.
The efficiency of zinc compounds (zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 and zinc oxide, ZnO in regular and nanosize, respectively) on wheat plants was evaluated against growth of Fusarium graminearum and DON formation. In addition, any possible effects on the grain microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the remaining residue of Zn on wheat plants was analyzed. The plants were inoculated with F. graminearum and treated with Zn compounds (100mM) onto spikelets at the anthesis stage. When wheat plants reached maturation, grains were harvested and evaluated for Fusarium (number of colonies, CFU/g), DON formation, and SEM observation, followed by determination of possible remaining Zn residue. The groups treated with ZnSO4 and ZnO-NP showed a reduction in number of CFU of F. graminearum when compared to the control. Similarly for DON formation, i.e. the toxin was reduced to non-detected levels in the treated group. ZnO-NP efficiently reduced F. graminearum and DON formation in the grains at low concentration. Zn remained within the international recommended level for consumption and the treatment did not cause any damage to wheat grains. New strategies of control using Zn compounds in addition to conventional treatments could increase the efficiency against FBH and DON formation.
Geovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Stephany Ramos de Souza; Maíra E.B. Costa; Cristina M.R. Santos; Vildes M. Scussel. Efficacy of zinc compounds in controlling Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Food Microbiology 2015, 205, 98 -104.
AMA StyleGeovana D. Savi, Karim C. Piacentini, Stephany Ramos de Souza, Maíra E.B. Costa, Cristina M.R. Santos, Vildes M. Scussel. Efficacy of zinc compounds in controlling Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2015; 205 ():98-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Stephany Ramos de Souza; Maíra E.B. Costa; Cristina M.R. Santos; Vildes M. Scussel. 2015. "Efficacy of zinc compounds in controlling Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." International Journal of Food Microbiology 205, no. : 98-104.
Geovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Karol O. Bittencourt; Vildes M. Scussel. Ozone treatment efficiency on Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol degradation and its effects on whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) quality and germination. Journal of Stored Products Research 2014, 59, 245 -253.
AMA StyleGeovana D. Savi, Karim C. Piacentini, Karol O. Bittencourt, Vildes M. Scussel. Ozone treatment efficiency on Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol degradation and its effects on whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) quality and germination. Journal of Stored Products Research. 2014; 59 ():245-253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovana D. Savi; Karim C. Piacentini; Karol O. Bittencourt; Vildes M. Scussel. 2014. "Ozone treatment efficiency on Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol degradation and its effects on whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) quality and germination." Journal of Stored Products Research 59, no. : 245-253.