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M. Pernica
Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511/15, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Journal of Cereal Science
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This study examines the use of Pythium oligandrum as a biological control agent to suppress Fusarium culmorum growth and mycotoxin production during the malting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The optimum application phase and dose of P. oligandrum were studied. The effect of P. oligandrum on F. culmorum-infected wheat was quantitatively evaluated through RT-PCR along with deoxynivalenol (DON) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) content in wheat malt (WM). In addition, the effect of P. oligandrum treatment on WM quality was quantified by European Brewery Convention standard methods. Treatment by P. oligandrum in the steeping stage (2 g P. oligandrum/kg wheat) yielded optimal suppression of Fusarium contamination (20%) and mycotoxin content (17% DON and 21% D3G) relative to untreated WM. Treatment dose showed a maximum effect between 0.6 and 1 g P. oligandrum/kg of wheat, resulting in 12–14% Fusarium contamination, 13–14% DON, and 15–18% D3G, relative to untreated malt. Wheat malts treated with P. oligandrum showed no deterioration of malting or brewing quality.

ACS Style

Carlo Antonio Ng; Marek Pernica; Jean Yap; Sylvie Belakova; Katerina Vaculova; Tomas Branyik. Biocontrol effect of Pythium oligandrum on artificial Fusarium culmorum infection during malting of wheat. Journal of Cereal Science 2021, 100, 103258 .

AMA Style

Carlo Antonio Ng, Marek Pernica, Jean Yap, Sylvie Belakova, Katerina Vaculova, Tomas Branyik. Biocontrol effect of Pythium oligandrum on artificial Fusarium culmorum infection during malting of wheat. Journal of Cereal Science. 2021; 100 ():103258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Antonio Ng; Marek Pernica; Jean Yap; Sylvie Belakova; Katerina Vaculova; Tomas Branyik. 2021. "Biocontrol effect of Pythium oligandrum on artificial Fusarium culmorum infection during malting of wheat." Journal of Cereal Science 100, no. : 103258.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in World Mycotoxin Journal
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The present study describes using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology for determination of patulin (PAT) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in beverages by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array (UPLC-PDA). PAT (4-hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one) is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium fungi and Penicillium expansum is probably the most commonly encountered species that infects apples during their growth, harvest, storage or processing. The occurrence of PAT as a natural contaminant of apples is a worldwide problem. 5-HMF (also known as 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde), is formed in the Maillard reaction as well as during caramelisation. It is a good storage time-temperature marker and flavour indicator, especially in beverages such as wine, beer, but also cider and apple juice which may contain PAT. PAT and 5-HMF were separated within 2 min using a Luna Omega C18 column and the PDA detector wavelength was set to 276 nm. The validation parameters of the analytical method such as linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy and precision were tested. The calibration curves were linear at least in the range 50-1000 ng/ml with a good linearity (R2>0.999) for both analytes, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification for PAT and 5-HMF were in the range 4.9-6.6 and 16.1-21.8 μg/l, respectively. The recoveries of the selected analyte were in the range 61.9-109.0% with a precision of

ACS Style

M. Pernica; J. Martiník; R. Boško; V. Zušťáková; K. Benešová; S. Běláková. Determination of patulin and hydroxymethylfurfural in beverages by UPLC-PDA. World Mycotoxin Journal 2021, 14, 41 -48.

AMA Style

M. Pernica, J. Martiník, R. Boško, V. Zušťáková, K. Benešová, S. Běláková. Determination of patulin and hydroxymethylfurfural in beverages by UPLC-PDA. World Mycotoxin Journal. 2021; 14 (1):41-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Pernica; J. Martiník; R. Boško; V. Zušťáková; K. Benešová; S. Běláková. 2021. "Determination of patulin and hydroxymethylfurfural in beverages by UPLC-PDA." World Mycotoxin Journal 14, no. 1: 41-48.

Articles
Published: 24 October 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
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Methods useful for the extraction of alkylphenols from soil samples were assessed. A comparison is made of the four extraction techniques that are most commonly used to extract phenolic compounds from soil, such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F and alkylphenols (4-t-OP, iso-NP, 4-OP and 4-n-NP). Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (USE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and the so-called Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe extraction (QuEChERS) were included. Modifications of the QuEChERS technique such as original, citrate and acetate were investigated. The effects of basic purification sorbents used for QuEChERS extracts such as a primary and secondary amine (PSA), C18 endcapped sorbents and graphitised carbon black (GCB) were tested. A derivatisation step prior to the final analyses by liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole analyser operating in tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was performed by using dansyl chloride (DNSC). The best extraction of the monitored compounds from spiked soil was obtained using QuEChERS extraction. Recoveries of phenolic compounds using the QuEChERS technique were in the range from 67% to 114%. The lowest extraction recoveries (16–73%) were obtained using ultrasonic extraction. The QuEChERS method was successfully applied for the analysis of alkylphenols in soil samples. Instrumental limits of quantification and limits of detection ranged from 0.08 to 0.83 pg per injection and 0.02 to 0.25 pg per injection, respectively.

ACS Style

Marek Pernica; Romana Lesniaková; Denisa Doležalová; Zdeněk Šimek. Analysis of alkylphenols and bisphenols in soils using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2019, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Marek Pernica, Romana Lesniaková, Denisa Doležalová, Zdeněk Šimek. Analysis of alkylphenols and bisphenols in soils using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2019; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Pernica; Romana Lesniaková; Denisa Doležalová; Zdeněk Šimek. 2019. "Analysis of alkylphenols and bisphenols in soils using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Toxins
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Mycotoxins are widely studied by many research groups in all aspects, but the stability of these compounds needs further research for clarification. The objective of this study is to evaluate deoxynivalenol and zearalenone stability during all steps of the malting and brewing processes. The levels of these compounds decreased significantly during the production process (barley to beer). During the malting process, the DON levels decreased significantly in the steeping, germination, and malting steps (62%, 51.5%, and 68%, respectively). Considering ZEN, when the levels were compared between barley and the last step of the process, a significant decrease was observed. Most of the mycotoxins produced were transferred to the rootlets and spent grains, which is advantageous considering the final product. Furthermore, the mycotoxin dietary intake estimation was included in this study. The results proved that if the concentrations of target mycotoxins in raw material are under the limits established by the regulations, the levels decrease during the malting and brewing processes and make the beer secure for consumers. The quality of the five commodities involved in the beer process plays a decisive role in the creation of a safe final product.

ACS Style

Karim C. Piacentini; Sylvie Běláková; Karolína Benešová; Marek Pernica; Geovana D. Savi; Liliana O. Rocha; Ivo Hartman; Josef Čáslavský; Benedito Corrêa. Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes. Toxins 2019, 11, 257 .

AMA Style

Karim C. Piacentini, Sylvie Běláková, Karolína Benešová, Marek Pernica, Geovana D. Savi, Liliana O. Rocha, Ivo Hartman, Josef Čáslavský, Benedito Corrêa. Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karim C. Piacentini; Sylvie Běláková; Karolína Benešová; Marek Pernica; Geovana D. Savi; Liliana O. Rocha; Ivo Hartman; Josef Čáslavský; Benedito Corrêa. 2019. "Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes." Toxins 11, no. 5: 257.

Review
Published: 15 April 2019 in KVASNY PRUMYSL
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The increasing interest in defining the content of mycotoxins is related to the development of methods for their determination. Several methods of determination have been published. This paper describes analytical procedures such as (a) sample preparation – sampling and homogenization, (b) extraction and purification – solid phase extraction (SPE), a QuEChERS method (acronymic name from quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe), solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and immuno affinity extraction (IAE). It also provides a review of, (c) instruments, and other analytical methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) with different detectors for determination of mycotoxin in barley, malt and beer are discussed.

ACS Style

Marek Pernica; Karim C. Piacentini; Karolina Benešová; Josef Čáslavský; Sylvie Běláková. Analytical techniques for determination of mycotoxins in barley, malt and beer: A review. KVASNY PRUMYSL 2019, 65, 46 -57.

AMA Style

Marek Pernica, Karim C. Piacentini, Karolina Benešová, Josef Čáslavský, Sylvie Běláková. Analytical techniques for determination of mycotoxins in barley, malt and beer: A review. KVASNY PRUMYSL. 2019; 65 (2):46-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Pernica; Karim C. Piacentini; Karolina Benešová; Josef Čáslavský; Sylvie Běláková. 2019. "Analytical techniques for determination of mycotoxins in barley, malt and beer: A review." KVASNY PRUMYSL 65, no. 2: 46-57.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Water Research
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Stagnant water bodies have generally received little attention regarding the presence of endocrine disruptive compounds, although they can integrate diverse pollutants from multiple different sources. Many compounds of anthropogenic as well as natural origin can contribute to the overall estrogenicity of surface waters and some of them can exhibit adverse effects on aquatic biota even in very low concentrations. This study focused on freshwater ponds and reservoirs affected by water blooms and determined the estrogenic activity of water by in vitro bioassay as well as concentrations of several important groups of estrogenic compounds (estrogenic hormones, alkylphenols, and phytoestrogens) by LC-MS/MS analyses. Estrogenic hormones were found at concentrations up to 7.1 ng.L−1, similarly to flavonoids, whose concentrations did not exceed 12.5 ng.L−1. Among alkylphenols, only bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol were detected in levels reaching 100 ng.L−1 at maximum. Estrogenic activity of water samples varied from below the quantification limit to 1.95 ng.L−1. There does not seem to be any general causal link of the massive phytoplankton occurrence with the estrogenicity of water or concentration of phytoestrogens, since they showed no direct relationship with the phytoplankton abundance or composition across sites. The contribution of the analysed compounds to the estrogenic activity was calculated in three scenarios. In minimum scenario, just the compounds above quantification limit (LOQ) were taken into account and for most samples, only minor part (<6%) of the biological activity could be explained. In the mean and maximum scenarios, we included also compounds below LOQ into the calculations at the level of LOQ/2 and LOQ, respectively. In these cases, a considerable part of the estrogenic activity could be attributed to the possible presence of steroid estrogens below LOQ. However, for the samples with estrogenic activity greater than 1 ng.L−1, more than 50% of the estrogenic activity remained unexplained even in the maximum scenario. Probably other compounds or possible interactions between individual substances cause the estrogenic activity in these types of water bodies and in this case, the results of LC-MS/MS analyses cannot sufficiently predict the biological effects. A complex approach including bioassays is needed when assessing the estrogenicity of these types of surface waters.

ACS Style

T. Prochazkova; E. Sychrova; J. Vecerkova; B. Javurkova; A. Otoupalikova; M. Pernica; Z. Simek; M. Smutna; O. Lepsova-Skacelova; K. Hilscherova. Estrogenic activity and contributing compounds in stagnant water bodies with massive occurrence of phytoplankton. Water Research 2018, 136, 12 -21.

AMA Style

T. Prochazkova, E. Sychrova, J. Vecerkova, B. Javurkova, A. Otoupalikova, M. Pernica, Z. Simek, M. Smutna, O. Lepsova-Skacelova, K. Hilscherova. Estrogenic activity and contributing compounds in stagnant water bodies with massive occurrence of phytoplankton. Water Research. 2018; 136 ():12-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Prochazkova; E. Sychrova; J. Vecerkova; B. Javurkova; A. Otoupalikova; M. Pernica; Z. Simek; M. Smutna; O. Lepsova-Skacelova; K. Hilscherova. 2018. "Estrogenic activity and contributing compounds in stagnant water bodies with massive occurrence of phytoplankton." Water Research 136, no. : 12-21.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Water Research
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Rehabilitation of aged drinking water pipes is an extensive renovation and increasingly topical in many European cities. Spray-on-lining of drinking water pipes is an alternative cost-effective rehabilitation technology in which the insides of pipes are relined with organic polymer. A commonly used polymer is epoxy resin consisting of monomer bisphenol A (BPA). Leaching of BPA from epoxy lining to drinking water has been a concern among public and authorities. Currently epoxy lining is not recommended in some countries. BPA leaching has been demonstrated in laboratory studies but the behavior and ageing process of epoxy lining in situ is not well known. In this study 6 locations with different age epoxy linings of drinking water pipes done using two distinct technologies were studied. While bisphenol F, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-t-octylphenol were rarely found and in trace concentrations, BPA was detected in majority of samples. Pipes lined with the older technology (LSE) leached more BPA than those with more recent technology (DonPro): maxima in cold water were 0.25 μg/L and 10 ng/L, respectively. Incubation of water in pipes 8-10 h prior to sampling increased BPA concentration in cold water 1.1-43-fold. Hot water temperature caused even more BPA leaching - at maximum 23.5 μg/L. The influence of ageing of epoxy lining on BPA leaching on could be shown in case of LSE technology: locations with 8-9 years old lining leached 4-20-fold more BPA compared to a location with 2-year-old lining. Analysis of metals showed that epoxy lining can reduce especially iron concentration in water. No significant burden to water could be shown by the analyzed 72 volatile organic compounds, including epichlorhydrin, precursor used in epoxy resin. Estrogenicity was detected in water samples with the highest BPA loads. Comparable responses of two yeast bioreporters (estrogen receptor α and BPA-targeted) indicated that bisphenol-like compounds were the main cause of estrogenicity. Compared to the estimated average daily BPA exposure, additional BPA load via cold drinking water in the studied locations was low, maximum 8.7%. However, hot water should also be considered as exposure source due to higher BPA concentrations. Epoxy lined locations should be monitored in future in order to evaluate ageing process and control increasing leaching of potentially harmful chemicals.

ACS Style

Johanna Rajasärkkä; Marek Pernica; Jan Kuta; Jonáš Lašňák; Zdenĕk Šimek; Ludek Blaha. Drinking water contaminants from epoxy resin-coated pipes: A field study. Water Research 2016, 103, 133 -140.

AMA Style

Johanna Rajasärkkä, Marek Pernica, Jan Kuta, Jonáš Lašňák, Zdenĕk Šimek, Ludek Blaha. Drinking water contaminants from epoxy resin-coated pipes: A field study. Water Research. 2016; 103 ():133-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johanna Rajasärkkä; Marek Pernica; Jan Kuta; Jonáš Lašňák; Zdenĕk Šimek; Ludek Blaha. 2016. "Drinking water contaminants from epoxy resin-coated pipes: A field study." Water Research 103, no. : 133-140.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in Journal of Chromatography A
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The present study describes an effect of reaction condition of pre-column derivatization of alkylphenols (APs): bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-octylphenol (4-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), and isomers of 4-nonylphenol (iso-NP) with 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride, DNSC) on their LC–ESI–MS/MS determination in water samples. Chemical derivatization improves the sensitivity and selectivity of LC–MS/MS analysis. In principle, alkylphenols can be analyzed by LC–MS/MS without derivatization. However, pre-column derivatization of APs increases the sensitivity up to 1000 times in comparison with the analysis of underivatized alkylphenols. Reaction conditions affecting formation of the DNSC-derivatives, such as various solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, DNSC concentration and pH values were tested. The most suitable conditions, in terms of achieving a high sensitivity, resulting from this study are: acetonitrile as reaction solvent, 60 min as reaction time, 60 °C as reaction temperature, pH values 10.5, 0.5 mg mL−1 as DNSC concentration. Calibration curves are linear at least in the range of 1–1000 ng mL−1, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.02 to 0.25 pg/injection and from 0.08 to 0.83 pg/injection, respectively. The improved procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of APs and BPA in real water samples. The median concentration of BPA and iso-NP obtained in bottled waters was 4.7 ng L−1 and 33.5 ng L−1, respectively. The median concentration of 4-t-OP was 1.3 ng L−1.

ACS Style

Marek Pernica; Petra Poloucká; Marta Seifertová; Zdeněk Šimek. Determination of alkylphenols in water samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride. Journal of Chromatography A 2015, 1417, 49 -56.

AMA Style

Marek Pernica, Petra Poloucká, Marta Seifertová, Zdeněk Šimek. Determination of alkylphenols in water samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride. Journal of Chromatography A. 2015; 1417 ():49-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Pernica; Petra Poloucká; Marta Seifertová; Zdeněk Šimek. 2015. "Determination of alkylphenols in water samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride." Journal of Chromatography A 1417, no. : 49-56.