A novel sensing peak identification method for high accuracy refractive index (RI) sensing is proposed. The implementation takes the intensity of interference maximum as the characteristic to distinguish interference peaks, tracking the sensing peak continually during a RI changes, with high measurement accuracy and simple computation. To verify the effect of the method, the extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor has been fabricated using the large lateral offset splicing technique. In the RI range from 1.346 to 1.388, the measurement range of the EFPI with the proposed method reaches at least 6 times larger than that of EFPI with the wavelength tracking method and the largest measurement error is −4.47 × 10⁻⁴. The EFPI refractive index (RI) sensor identified the sensing peak is believed to play an important role in RI, concentration and density sensing, etc., for superior performance.

A high sensitivity curvature sensor based on singlemode-tapered multimode-singlemode (STMS) fiber structure has been proposed and demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Due to elastic-optical effect, light field distribution of the STMS structure would be asymmetric when bending is applied, resulting in a profound effect on the transmission characteristics of the STMS structure. The experimental results show a good agreement with the trend of the theoretical predictions. Adopting the intensity demodulation in experiments, an average sensitivity of -21.734 dB/m-1 over the range of 0.7064 to 1.9129 m-1 and the maximum sensitivity of -144.876 dB/m-1 at the curvature of 1.9129 m-1 have been achieved. Besides, the dependence of temperature on the transmission spectrum of this curvature sensor has been investigated, showing a low temperature cross-sensitivity. Because of these superior properties, this curvature sensor could find useful applications in architecture, mechanical engineering, and medical science.

In this study, we utilized X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. To achieve this, we developed a liposome delivery system that co-loaded protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) in a rational manner. Low-dose X-ray at 2 Gy was employed to activate PPIX for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the co-loading of PFOB provided additional oxygen to enhance ROS production. The resulting highly toxic ROS effectively induced cell death in TNBC. In vitro X-PDT effects, including intracellular ROS generation, cell viability, and apoptosis/necrosis assays in TNBC cells, were thoroughly investigated. Our results indicate that the nanocarriers effectively induced X-PDT effects with very low-dose radiation, making it feasible to damage cancer cells. This suggests the potential for the effective utilization of X-PDT in treating hypoxic cancers, including TNBC, with only a fraction of conventional radiotherapy.

A device model for multi-layer graphene nanoribbons terahertz detector is presented. To investigate the device characteristics, we analyze the source-drain current as a function of incident energy and derive the analytical formulas for detector responsivity. In addition, the dependences of detector responsivity on the back gate voltage as well as on the substrate thickness, temperature and energy gap are discussed. It is shown that the detector characteristics can be effectively modulated by these parameters. Compared with single layer graphene nanoribbons, multiple nanoribbons layers can greatly enhance the source-drain current, achieving higher detector responsivity and sensitivity.

DNA and RNA methylation are key epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications involved in gene regulation, genome stability, RNA metabolism, and disease progression. Aberrant methylation patterns in cell‐free DNA and RNA have emerged as valuable biomarkers for cancer detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic stratification. However, conventional methods such as bisulfite sequencing, methylation‐specific PCR, MeRIP‐seq, SCARLET, and LC–MS/MS often require harsh processing, high sample input, complex instrumentation, or lack site‐specific resolution, limiting their clinical and point‐of‐care applications. CRISPR‐based diagnostics provide a promising alternative by combining programmable nucleic acid recognition with collateral cleavage‐mediated signal amplification. This review summarizes recent CRISPR strategies for detecting DNA and RNA methylation, including chemical conversion‐assisted assays, restriction enzyme‐mediated detection, direct amplification‐free sensing based on methylation‐modulated Cas activity, detection of oxidized cytosine derivatives, reverse transcription‐mediated Cas12 detection of m6A, and structure‐sensitive Cas13 sensing. We highlight how methylation‐dependent sequence conversion, enzyme accessibility, polymerase behavior, and nucleic acid structure can be translated into CRISPR‐readable signals. Finally, we discuss current translational challenges and emerging opportunities in point‐of‐care methylation diagnostics, integrated DNA–RNA profiling, engineered Cas effectors, AI‐guided assay design, and CRISPR‐compatible methylome analysis.