Marwa Fareed Almulhim

Dr. Marwa Fareed Almulhim


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

1Year (2026-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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25 September 2026 in Immunologic Research
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
PDF file
MAMubarak Alruwaili
Mubarak Alruwaili
ATAreej Ahmed Turkistani
Areej Ahmed Turkistani
SSSireen Abdulrahim Shilbayeh
Sireen Abdulrahim Shilbayeh
DMDahlia Mirdad
Dahlia Mirdad
MAMarwa Fareed Almulhim
Marwa Fareed Almulhim
FIFor The Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
For The Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

14 September 2026 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
MAMarwa Fareed Almulhim
Marwa Fareed Almulhim
SEShimaa Elgamal
Shimaa Elgamal
AEAmany Elshenawy
Amany Elshenawy
SSSally Aly Saleh
Sally Aly Saleh
SESamar Ahmed Eissa
Samar Ahmed Eissa
MIMoamen Abdelfadil Ismail
Moamen Abdelfadil Ismail
Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a heterogeneous nature. Many molecular pathways are engaged in PD pathogenesis. Granzyme B (GrB) is an enzyme released by CTLs and has roles in neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, demyelination, and neuronal ischemic death. However, little is reported about its role in PD pathogenesis and deterioration. To evaluate the role of GrB in PD. Method: A total of 94 participants were recruited from outpatient neurology clinics (47 PD patients and 47 healthy controls). Serum GrB levels were measured using ELISA. Results: Among PD patients, the age of onset was 57.30 ± 4.92 years, and the duration of illness was 7.13 ± 4.20 years. Sociodemographic data revealed statistically significant associations between the development of PD and HCV infection (0.001*), family history of neuropsychiatric illness (0.004*), and/or PD (0.028*). MoCA TS showed a significant reduction in cognitive performance among PD patients even after correction (p < 0.001*). H_Y score showed that >50% of PD patients were clustered in stages 1 and 2, and motor scores showed a substantial reduction. GrB levels were markedly increased among PD patients compared with the control group (1721.4 ± 588.8 pg/mL vs. 418.4 ± 131.3 pg/mL) (p < 0.001*). This indicates a strong association between elevated granzyme B and PD. However, no statistically significant correlations were observed between GrB levels and the parameters studied. Conclusion: GrB levels are significantly elevated among PD patients. This reflects underlying immune activation or inflammatory processes associated with the progression of PD. GrB showed a promising diagnostic association with PD, but was not correlated with disease severity, activity, or duration in this cohort. Formal evaluation of GrB’s diagnostic accuracy in an independent, disease-control-inclusive cohort is warranted before it can be considered a diagnostic biomarker.