To improve the efficiency of CO₂ hydrogenation, it is essential to develop new catalysts as well as new methods of producing them. In our work, we propose a new Fe-, Co-, Cu-containing catalyst preparation technique based on depositing the active component through urea hydrolysis using microwave heating. We also compare catalysts produced with microwave synthesis to samples obtained through traditional synthesis methods, including impregnation and thermal deposition. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD, low-temperature N₂ adsorption, SEM., and UV-VIS methods. The catalytic properties of the catalysts depend not only on the nature of the active component, but also on the preparation method. The best results for CO₂ hydrogenation were achieved with Ni-containing catalysts produced by the impregnation method and microwave synthesis.

Two series of co-precipitated FeO_x@MO_y catalysts with variation of the second component (M = silica, alumina, ceria, zirconia) prepared using CTMABr or Pluronic 123 templates were investigated to assess the effect of the composition and synthesis in CO₂ hydrogenation reaction to C₂₊ hydrocarbons. Alumina- or silica-modified samples were prepared by the CTMABr-assisted route, and alumina-, silica-, ceria-, or zirconia-modified samples were obtained using Pluronic 123. All samples demonstrated uniform component distribution over the surface (by SEM–EDX) with a ratio close to the target value, and the predominant phase in most samples was maghemite with crystallite sizes reaching 17 nm (by XRD). All samples had a mostly mesoporous structure with a small amount of micropores. The highest catalytic activity was achieved for samples containing alumina and zirconia additives in the range of 25 to 50%. The decrease in zirconia content from 25 to 1 wt% did not affect the CO₂ conversion rate but led to a decrease in methane selectivity from 34 to 21%, while the C₂₊ selectivity remained constant 21%. The highest CO₂ conversion rates at 340 °C and 20 atm (12.3 and 12.9 mol(CO₂) × kg_cat⁻¹ × h⁻¹) were achieved with Fe¹/Al¹ P123 and Fe³/Zr¹ P123 samples. The highest C₂₊ selectivity (26%) at the same temperature and pressure was achieved for the monometallic Fe P123 sample, but its CO₂ conversion rate was 5.4 mol(CO₂) × kg_cat⁻¹ × h⁻¹.

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a boron-containing imidazolate metal organic framework belonging to a group of zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks. The focus was on the catalytic properties of the introduced cobalt metal cations, in particular, on the reaction of catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation, which is the first stage of carbon dioxide abatement in utilization. The BIF-66 (boron imidazolate framework) was synthesized and structurally characterized with modern techniques. The CO₂ conversion over Co-BIF-66 was 26%, with carbon monoxide, methane, and other light hydrocarbons being the main products.