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Rare carnivorous plants representing the genus Sarracenia are perceived as very interesting to scientists involved in various fields of botany, ethnobotany, entomology, phytochemistry and others. Such high interest is caused mainly by the unique capacity of Sarracenia spp. to attract insects. Therefore, an attempt to develop a protocol for micropropagation of the Sarracenia alata (Alph.Wood) Alph.Wood, commonly named yellow trumpets, and to identify the specific chemical composition of volatile compounds of this plant in vitro and ex vivo was undertaken. Thus, the chemical volatile compounds excreted by the studied plant to attract insects were recognized with the application of the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with the GC-MS technique. As the major volatile compounds (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (16.48% ± 0.31), (E)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate (19.99% ± 0.01) and β-caryophyllene (11.30% ± 0.27) were identified. Further, both the chemical assumed to be responsible for attracting insects, i.e., pyridine (3.10% ± 0.07), and whole plants were used in in vivo bioassays with two insect species, namely Drosophila hydei and Acyrthosiphon pisum. The obtained results bring a new perspective on the possibilities of cultivating rare carnivorous plants in vitro since they are regarded as a valuable source of bioactive volatile compounds, as including ones with repellent or attractant activity.
Jacek Łyczko; Jacek Twardowski; Bartłomiej Skalny; Renata Galek; Antoni Szumny; Iwona Gruss; Dariusz Piesik; Sebastian Sendel. Sarracenia alata (Alph.Wood) Alph.Wood Microcuttings as a Source of Volatiles Potentially Responsible for Insects’ Respond. Molecules 2021, 26, 2406 .
AMA StyleJacek Łyczko, Jacek Twardowski, Bartłomiej Skalny, Renata Galek, Antoni Szumny, Iwona Gruss, Dariusz Piesik, Sebastian Sendel. Sarracenia alata (Alph.Wood) Alph.Wood Microcuttings as a Source of Volatiles Potentially Responsible for Insects’ Respond. Molecules. 2021; 26 (9):2406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Łyczko; Jacek Twardowski; Bartłomiej Skalny; Renata Galek; Antoni Szumny; Iwona Gruss; Dariusz Piesik; Sebastian Sendel. 2021. "Sarracenia alata (Alph.Wood) Alph.Wood Microcuttings as a Source of Volatiles Potentially Responsible for Insects’ Respond." Molecules 26, no. 9: 2406.
This study examined the effects of waterlogging and forest litter introduced to soil on chemical properties of soil pore water and ecotoxicity of soils highly enriched in As. These effects were examined in a 21-day incubation experiment. Tested soil samples were collected from Złoty Stok, a historical centre of arsenic and gold mining: from a forested part of the Orchid Dump (19,600 mg/kg As) and from a less contaminated site situated in a neighboring forest (2020 mg/kg As). An unpolluted soil was used as control. The concentrations of As, Fe and Mn in soil pore water were measured together with a redox potential Eh. A battery of ecotoxicological tests, including a bioassay with luminescence bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox) and several tests on crustaceans (Rapidtox, Thamnotox and Ostracodtox tests), was used to assess soil ecotoxicity. The bioassays with crustaceans (T. platyurus, H. incongruens) were more sensitive than the bacterial test Microtox. The study confirmed that the input of forest litter into the soil may significantly increase the effects of toxicity. Waterlogged conditions facilitated a release of As into pore water, and the addition of forest litter accelerated this effect thus causing increased toxicity.
Katarzyna Szopka; Iwona Gruss; Dariusz Gruszka; Anna Karczewska; Krzysztof Gediga; Bernard Gałka; Agnieszka Dradrach. The Effects of Forest Litter and Waterlogging on the Ecotoxicity of Soils Strongly Enriched in Arsenic in a Historical Mining Site. Forests 2021, 12, 355 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Szopka, Iwona Gruss, Dariusz Gruszka, Anna Karczewska, Krzysztof Gediga, Bernard Gałka, Agnieszka Dradrach. The Effects of Forest Litter and Waterlogging on the Ecotoxicity of Soils Strongly Enriched in Arsenic in a Historical Mining Site. Forests. 2021; 12 (3):355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Szopka; Iwona Gruss; Dariusz Gruszka; Anna Karczewska; Krzysztof Gediga; Bernard Gałka; Agnieszka Dradrach. 2021. "The Effects of Forest Litter and Waterlogging on the Ecotoxicity of Soils Strongly Enriched in Arsenic in a Historical Mining Site." Forests 12, no. 3: 355.
Climate change and land use intensification are the two most common global change drivers of biodiversity loss. Like other organisms, the soil meso-fauna are expected to modify their functional diversity and composition in response to climate and land use changes. Here, we investigated the functional responses of Collembola, one of the most abundant and ecologically important groups of soil invertebrates. This study was conducted at the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF) in central Germany, where we tested the effects of climate (ambient vs. ‘future’ as projected for this region for the years between 2070 and 2100), land use (conventional farming, organic farming, intensively-used meadow, extensively-used meadow, and extensively-used pasture), and their interactions on the functional diversity (FD), community-weighted mean (CWM) traits (life-history, morphology), and functional composition of Collembola, as well as the Soil Biological Quality-Collembola (QBS-c) index. We found that land use was overwhelmingly the dominant driver of shifts in functional diversity, functional traits, and functional composition of Collembola, and of shifts in soil biological quality. These significant land use effects were mainly due to the differences between the two main land use types, i.e. cropland vs. grasslands. Specifically, Collembola functional biodiversity and soil biological quality were significantly lower in croplands than grasslands. However, no interactive effect of climate × land use was found in this study, suggesting that land use effects on Collembola were independent of the climate change scenario. Overall, our study shows that functional responses of Collembola are highly vulnerable to land use intensification under both climate scenarios. We conclude that land use changes reduce functional biodiversity and biological quality of soil.
Rui Yin; Paul Kardol; Madhav P. Thakur; Iwona Gruss; Gao-Lin Wu; Nico Eisenhauer; Martin Schädler. Soil functional biodiversity and biological quality under threat: Intensive land use outweighs climate change. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2020, 147, 107847 .
AMA StyleRui Yin, Paul Kardol, Madhav P. Thakur, Iwona Gruss, Gao-Lin Wu, Nico Eisenhauer, Martin Schädler. Soil functional biodiversity and biological quality under threat: Intensive land use outweighs climate change. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2020; 147 ():107847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Yin; Paul Kardol; Madhav P. Thakur; Iwona Gruss; Gao-Lin Wu; Nico Eisenhauer; Martin Schädler. 2020. "Soil functional biodiversity and biological quality under threat: Intensive land use outweighs climate change." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 147, no. : 107847.
Biochar was reported to improve the chemical and physical properties of soil. The use of biochar as a soil amendment have been found to improve the soil structure, increase the porosity, decrease bulk density, as well increase aggregation and water retention. Knowing that springtails (Collembola) are closely related to soil properties, the effect of biochar on morphological diversity of these organisms was evaluated. The main concept was the classification of springtails to the life-form groups and estimation of QBS-c index (biological quality index based on Collembola species). We conducted the field experiment where biochar was used as soil amendment in oilseed rape and maize crops. Wood-chip biochar from low-temperature (300 °C) flash pyrolysis was free from PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and other toxic components. Results showed that all springtail life-form groups (epedaphic, hemiedaphic, and euedaphic) were positively affected after biochar application. The QBS-c index, which relates to springtails’ adaptation to living in the soil, was higher in treatments where biochar was applied. We can recommend the use of Collembola’s morphological diversity as a good tool for the bioindication of soil health.
Iwona Gruss; Jacek P. Twardowski; Agnieszka Latawiec; Jolanta Królczyk; Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek. The Effect of Biochar Used as Soil Amendment on Morphological Diversity of Collembola. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5126 .
AMA StyleIwona Gruss, Jacek P. Twardowski, Agnieszka Latawiec, Jolanta Królczyk, Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek. The Effect of Biochar Used as Soil Amendment on Morphological Diversity of Collembola. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):5126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Gruss; Jacek P. Twardowski; Agnieszka Latawiec; Jolanta Królczyk; Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek. 2019. "The Effect of Biochar Used as Soil Amendment on Morphological Diversity of Collembola." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 5126.
The aim of this research was to assess the effect of soil contamination with titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) at military sites in Ukraine using the avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida (springtail). The soil used for the tests was sampled in 2017 from Dolyna, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine from two plots, namely a contaminated and a control site. The sample site is a former military site previously used for tank training. At the control site mainly the concentrations of Ti and Fe were exceeded. The control soil was free from contamination. The avoidance test and reproduction test were conducted with the use of springtail species F. candida. The following nine levels of contamination with heavy metals were established: 1%, 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The duration of the avoidance test was 7 days, and that of the reproduction test was 28 days. Overall, the results show that the avoidance and reproduction tests with collembolans have the potential to be used as screening tools in an ecological risk assessment of heavy metals. In the avoidance test, the concentrations from 1.5 to 100% significantly decreased the number of F. candida in the contamination site in comparison to the control site. At the same time, avoidance was not observed in the first concentration (1%). According to the reproduction test, the negative effect on the number of F. candida juveniles was observed beginning at the 10% dose. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for the avoidance test was 50.12%, while that for the reproduction test was 22.39%. The contamination with heavy metals at the military areas indicated the short- and long-term toxicity risk on the springtail F. candida.
Iwona Gruss; Tatyana Stefanovska; Jacek Twardowski; Valentina Pidlisnyuk; Pavlo Shapoval. The ecological risk assessment of soil contamination with Ti and Fe at military sites in Ukraine: avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida. Reviews on Environmental Health 2019, 34, 303 -307.
AMA StyleIwona Gruss, Tatyana Stefanovska, Jacek Twardowski, Valentina Pidlisnyuk, Pavlo Shapoval. The ecological risk assessment of soil contamination with Ti and Fe at military sites in Ukraine: avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida. Reviews on Environmental Health. 2019; 34 (3):303-307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Gruss; Tatyana Stefanovska; Jacek Twardowski; Valentina Pidlisnyuk; Pavlo Shapoval. 2019. "The ecological risk assessment of soil contamination with Ti and Fe at military sites in Ukraine: avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida." Reviews on Environmental Health 34, no. 3: 303-307.
Aeolothripsintermedius is a thrips predator often found in phytocoenoses worldwide. Both the adults and larvae of this species prey on small invertebrates, including phytophagous species from Thysanoptera group. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological variability of the A. intermedius relative to the locality and, indirectly, to the species of host plant. Insects were collected from five localities in southwest Poland and five different host plants. For each of the sexes, six morphometric features were assessed: body length, length of antennae, wing length, head length, head width and length of pronotum. Additionally, the body mass for each individual was estimated. The findings revealed that in females, both the locality and host plant had a significant impact on almost all of these features. In males, the morphometric features under study correlated strongly with locality and only moderately with the host plant. Certain differences were observed between males and females, mainly in terms of antennae length. The results show that A. intermedius exhibits significant variability in this respect, which is indicative of the species' phenotypic plasticity. The body length was the trait with the most distinct response to the locality and host plant.
Iwona Gruss; Jacek Piotr Twardowski; Marcin Cierpisz. The Effects of Locality and Host Plant on the Body Size of Aeolothrips intermedius (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) in the Southwest of Poland. Insects 2019, 10, 266 .
AMA StyleIwona Gruss, Jacek Piotr Twardowski, Marcin Cierpisz. The Effects of Locality and Host Plant on the Body Size of Aeolothrips intermedius (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) in the Southwest of Poland. Insects. 2019; 10 (9):266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Gruss; Jacek Piotr Twardowski; Marcin Cierpisz. 2019. "The Effects of Locality and Host Plant on the Body Size of Aeolothrips intermedius (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) in the Southwest of Poland." Insects 10, no. 9: 266.
Biochar as a carbon-rich highly porous substance has been proposed for use in agriculture and horticulture as a soil amendment. One of the main concerns of this application of biochar is its potential contamination with heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The aim of this research was to access the environmental risk of biochar used as a soil amendment on soil mesofauna (mites and springtails). We conducted both field and laboratory experiments with the use of wood-chip biochar from low-temperature (300 °C) flash pyrolysis. Biochar was free from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and the concentration of all tested toxic compounds was very low or even under the level of detection. Both the results of field and laboratory studies show no toxic effects on soil mesofauna. In the field studies, the biochar application of 50 t/ha in maize and oilseed rape crops significantly increased the mean number of mesofauna. This change probably resulted from improved soil chemical properties (in particular organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity) upon biochar addition. The results of the avoidance test with the use of springtail species Folsomia candida showed the possible short-term toxicity risk from a dose of 5%. The results of the reproduction test indicate the negative response of F. candida from the rate of 25% (higher than the field dose, which corresponds to 10% in laboratory tests). The reason for the short-term toxicity might be the considerable increase in soil pH after biochar addition. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has looked so widely into the effect of biochar on soil mesofauna. We encourage further studies into the risk assessment of biochar on soil organisms in both a controlled laboratory environment and in the open field.
Iwona Gruss; Jacek Twardowski; Agnieszka Latawiec; Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek; Jolanta Królczyk. Risk assessment of low-temperature biochar used as soil amendment on soil mesofauna. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 18230 -18239.
AMA StyleIwona Gruss, Jacek Twardowski, Agnieszka Latawiec, Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek, Jolanta Królczyk. Risk assessment of low-temperature biochar used as soil amendment on soil mesofauna. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (18):18230-18239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Gruss; Jacek Twardowski; Agnieszka Latawiec; Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek; Jolanta Królczyk. 2019. "Risk assessment of low-temperature biochar used as soil amendment on soil mesofauna." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 18: 18230-18239.
Soil organisms are important drivers of the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and co-determine how these ecosystems respond to human-induced changes in climate and land use. In the present study, we assessed the interacting effects of these two global change drivers on soil faunal communities. We carried out an experimental field study within the framework of the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF) manipulating (1) two climatic conditions (ambient vs. future) and (2) five land-use regimes (with two croplands: conventional farming and organic farming; and three grasslands: intensively-used meadow, extensively-used meadow and extensively-used pasture). The future climate treatment is characterized by a slight increase of soil temperature (~0.5 °C), whereas precipitation was strongly decreased during the summer (by ~20%) but moderately increased during spring and autumn (by ~10%). Soil fauna was sampled in two consecutive years in spring and autumn. Overall, future climate tented to have negative effects on soil fauna communities. For specific taxa, the detrimental effects of climate change were only evident for Isotomidae (Collembola) and Chilopoda. In general, soil faunal composition differed strongly between grasslands and croplands, with a higher number of macrofauna taxa and generally higher abundances of meso- and macrofauna in grasslands. However, land-use intensity within these land-use types had no further effect. Likewise, there were negligible interactive effects of climate and land use, and short-term effects of projected climate change on the community compositions of soil fauna were found to be more subtle than land-use effects. Land-use effects on soil fauna are therefore equally strong under ambient and future climatic conditions.
Rui Yin; Nico Eisenhauer; Anja Schmidt; Iwona Gruss; Witoon Purahong; Julia Siebert; Martin Schädler. Climate change does not alter land-use effects on soil fauna communities. Applied Soil Ecology 2019, 140, 1 -10.
AMA StyleRui Yin, Nico Eisenhauer, Anja Schmidt, Iwona Gruss, Witoon Purahong, Julia Siebert, Martin Schädler. Climate change does not alter land-use effects on soil fauna communities. Applied Soil Ecology. 2019; 140 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Yin; Nico Eisenhauer; Anja Schmidt; Iwona Gruss; Witoon Purahong; Julia Siebert; Martin Schädler. 2019. "Climate change does not alter land-use effects on soil fauna communities." Applied Soil Ecology 140, no. : 1-10.
Grasslands, especially those under ecological management (i.e. mowing, and grazing without fertilizers and chemicals), have significant importance for many arthropods, including ground beetles. We studied the abundance and species diversity of Carabidae of four uphill grasslands (West Sudety Mountains, Poland) under different management intensity: cattle grazing (one or four times per year), mowing, and alternatively managed (grazing/mowing). Beetles were collected using pitfall traps during three whole grazing seasons, i.e. from April to October in 2007–2009. The most frequent species of beetles, on each of the plots, were predators Poecilus cupreus, Calathus fuscipes and Nebria brevicollis. Sixtyfour ground beetle species were found altogether. Species richness ranged from 42 to 47, with the mean number of individuals per trap day-1 from 0.006 to 0.018. In the years of the study the number of ground beetles and their species diversity were higher on meadows mown once per year and alternatively managed grasslands as compared with grazed sites. Therefore, the simplified, organic way of agricultural production with reduced mowing or moving combined with grazing can be considered as appropriate in preserving the biodiversity of the grasslands in mountainous regions.
Jacek Piotr Twardowski; Karolina Pastuszko; Michał Hurej; Iwona Gruss. Effect of Different Management Practices on Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages of Uphill Grasslands. Polish Journal of Ecology 2017, 65, 400 -409.
AMA StyleJacek Piotr Twardowski, Karolina Pastuszko, Michał Hurej, Iwona Gruss. Effect of Different Management Practices on Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages of Uphill Grasslands. Polish Journal of Ecology. 2017; 65 (3):400-409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Piotr Twardowski; Karolina Pastuszko; Michał Hurej; Iwona Gruss. 2017. "Effect of Different Management Practices on Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages of Uphill Grasslands." Polish Journal of Ecology 65, no. 3: 400-409.
Jacek Twardowski; Iwona Gruss; Leszek Kordas. Effects of soil regeneration methods on beneficial mesofauna in a spring triticale field. Journal of Central European Agriculture 2017, 18, 616 -631.
AMA StyleJacek Twardowski, Iwona Gruss, Leszek Kordas. Effects of soil regeneration methods on beneficial mesofauna in a spring triticale field. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 2017; 18 (3):616-631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Twardowski; Iwona Gruss; Leszek Kordas. 2017. "Effects of soil regeneration methods on beneficial mesofauna in a spring triticale field." Journal of Central European Agriculture 18, no. 3: 616-631.
Iwona Gruss; Jacek Twardowski. The assemblages of soil-dwelling springtails (Collembola) in winter rye under long-term monoculture and crop rotation. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 2016, 103, 159 -166.
AMA StyleIwona Gruss, Jacek Twardowski. The assemblages of soil-dwelling springtails (Collembola) in winter rye under long-term monoculture and crop rotation. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 2016; 103 (2):159-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwona Gruss; Jacek Twardowski. 2016. "The assemblages of soil-dwelling springtails (Collembola) in winter rye under long-term monoculture and crop rotation." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 103, no. 2: 159-166.
The monoculture cropping system causes significant changes within the soil ecosystem, which constitutes a habitat for soil-dwelling springtails. Focusing on the response of soil fauna to 90 years of potato cultivation in monoculture the study investigates the abundance and diversity of soil-dwelling springtails, considering changes in the soil environment in relation to five-crop rotation. Another point was the soil quality evaluation using Collembola as bioindicators (QBS-c index). A long-term monoculture experiment was established in Poland in 1923 and has continued uninterruptedly to the present time. Soil samples were taken over a period of three years (2011–2013) to determine collembolan abundance and composition, as well as physical and chemical soil properties. The study demonstrated that there were greater numbers of Collembola in the long-term monoculture of potatoes, especially before planting time, compared to numbers in a five-field crop rotation. At the same time apparently greater species diversity was found in potato culture within crop rotation. The biological indicator of soil quality based on the occurrence of springtails (QBS-c) has proved useful in assessing changes in soil caused by agrotechnical activities. This index indicated better biological soil quality in the five-field rotation system compared to monoculture.
Jacek Piotr Twardowski; Michał Hurej; Iwona Gruss. Diversity and abundance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) in soil under 90-year potato monoculture in relation to crop rotation. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 2016, 1 -11.
AMA StyleJacek Piotr Twardowski, Michał Hurej, Iwona Gruss. Diversity and abundance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) in soil under 90-year potato monoculture in relation to crop rotation. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 2016; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Piotr Twardowski; Michał Hurej; Iwona Gruss. 2016. "Diversity and abundance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) in soil under 90-year potato monoculture in relation to crop rotation." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science , no. : 1-11.